SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Creech, C. Buddy; Walker, Shannon C.; Samuels, Robert J.

doi:10.1001/jama.2021.3199

Cited by 394 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

380

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This high effectiveness of the vaccine is associated with few/rare side effects, despite the local and systemic reactogenicity to the mRNA vaccine. The advantages of mRNA vaccines are the speed of vaccine production (only a few weeks) and the ability to generate a TH2 and TH1 response (Table 2) (Creech et al, 2021).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Mrna Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of adenovirus vaccine has been used in the USA and Europe, two vaccines have shown promising initial results, namely the Serotype 26 adenovirus vector vaccine (Ad26.CoV2. S; Johnson & Johnson) and the ChAdOx of Chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine (AstraZeneca) (Creech et al, 2021). Both vaccines have efficacy in preventing hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients, but they are still not maximal in preventing diseases caused by the new variant SARS-CoV-2 (Creech et al, 2021).…”

Section: Virus Vector Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S; Johnson & Johnson) and the ChAdOx of Chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine (AstraZeneca) (Creech et al, 2021). Both vaccines have efficacy in preventing hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients, but they are still not maximal in preventing diseases caused by the new variant SARS-CoV-2 (Creech et al, 2021). The Sputnik V vaccine (Gam-COVID-Vac) uses a combination of the rAd type 26 (rAd26) and rAd type 5 (rAd5), rAd26-S, and rAd5-S vaccine vectors given separately intramuscularly at 21-day intervals (table 1).…”

Section: Virus Vector Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sinopharm and Sinovac are two of the companies working on this form of vaccine, which has been tested in a phase 3 trial and received international approval for use as a COVID-19 vaccine. (Creech et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Vaccine Inactivated and Subunit Vaccine Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Example of vaccines using this method is Novavax, using adjuvant Matrix-M-based saponin, which has efficacy 89.3 % of patients COVID 19 through clinical trials phase 3 in the UK (Callaway & Mallapaty, 2021). Currently, more than 60% of vaccine development uses the protein subunit approach, even though none has the status as an emergency use authorization (Creech et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Vaccine Inactivated and Subunit Vaccine Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Review of COVID-19 Vaccines: What Needs to Be Known and Its Expected Effect on the Human Population?

Tuba¹,

Widyati²,

Sulaiman³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating blow to the entire world community and changes the order of human life. All efforts and strategies are being carried out to contain and reduce the spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus, both by tightening the health protocol and using vaccines to the public. Currently, several vaccines are available and have passed phase 3 clinical trials, such as vector vaccines (Gamaleya Sputnik V Russia, University of Oxford/AstraZeneca, CanSino, and Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies), mRNA-based vaccines (Moderna/BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer), inactivated vaccines (SinoVac and SinoPharm from China, Covaxin from Bharat Biotech India), and adjuvanted recombinant protein nanoparticles (Novavax from the USA) are expected to be able to suppress the spread of the virus and produce a minimum of 70 percent herd-immunity in a population. Each vaccine's efficacy varies from the lowest, namely the Sinovac vaccine (CoronaVac) 50% to the highest the Novavax vaccine (NVX-Cov2373) 96% effectivity value. Moreover, further rigorous research is still being carried out for the development of an effective and efficient vaccine.

show abstract

Section: Results and Discussion Mrna Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Vector Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Vector Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Vaccine Inactivated and Subunit Vaccine Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Vaccine Inactivated and Subunit Vaccine Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Review of COVID-19 Vaccines: What Needs to Be Known and Its Expected Effect on the Human Population?

Tuba¹,

Widyati²,

Sulaiman³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Approaches for Optimal Use of Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Moore

2021

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efforts of the Biden administration to accelerate rollout of COVID-19 vaccines are enabling more adults in the US to be vaccinated each week. As of February 28, 2021, an estimated more than 48 million people have received at least 1 vaccine dose. Provided enough people are vaccinated, the US might be able to transition back toward prepandemic life at some point this year. However, one scenario that could adversely affect the vaccine program is the further evolution and spread of viral variants that are resistant to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. It is prudent to discuss possible strategies to minimize the potential effects of this problem, and other scenarios for maximizing the benefit of available and future vaccine supplies.The viral variant problem became prominent at the end of 2020. Two categories of variants have different implications for vaccine efficacy. The first category involves variants that arise when RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2 replicate in people. One selection pressure on the virus is simply to infect human cells more efficiently and maximize the replication of its genome. A more fit and transmissible virus will spread more rapidly in a population. This happened during spring 2020 when the D614G variant became the dominant strain worldwide. The same phenomenon is occurring now with the B.1.1.7 strain that was first detected in the UK. The B.1.1.7 strain is more infectious and is projected to soon dominate the US pandemic. But neither the D614G variant nor the B.1.1.7 strain is notably resistant to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, and most researchers have substantial confidence that these variants will not affect the efficacy of the present generation of vaccines. 1,2 The second category involves variants that are more concerning, represented by the B.1.351 and P.1 lineages that emerged in South Africa and Brazil, respectively. These viruses have sequence changes in key positions suggesting that they arose under neutralizing antibody selection pressure within people infected with SARS-CoV-2. Unusual variants have been seen when the virus replicates at high levels for prolonged periods in immunocompromised individuals. 3 Even though what happens in such people is not identical to the environment in vaccine recipients who become infected, several similarities warrant consideration.Whether neutralizing antibodies are induced by infectionorvaccination,astrongneutralizingantibodyresponse suppressesvirusreplicationandaweakresponsedoeslittle to suppress replication, but neutralizing antibodies that have intermediate potency are thought to cause the virus to evolve and create ways to escape the constraint on its ability to replicate. 4,5 The combination of a high virus replicationratewithinanindividual(ahighviralload)andasuboptimallevelofneutralizingantibodiesistheexactenviron-VIEWPOINT

show abstract