SATB2 is a Novel Marker of Osteoblastic Differentiation and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

SATB2 is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor and epigenetic regulator that is involved in osteoblastic differentiation and is also expressed in the glandular epithelial cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown that, because of its relative specificity for osteoblastic differentiation, SATB2 immunostaining could potentially be a useful adjunct for assisting in the differential diagnosis of both benign and malignant osteogenic tumors. In addition, because SATB2 is also a highly sensitive and specific marker for colorectal adenocarcinomas, it could also serve as a complementary marker in the differential diagnosis of a carcinoma of unknown primary origin.

Young investigator challenge: Cadherin‐17 and SATB2 in cytology specimens: Do these new immunostains help in differentiating metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from adenocarcinomas of other origins?

“…CDX2 is currently the most frequently used intestinal marker to establish the tissue of origin in cases of an unknown primary tumor, but, as previously mentioned, CDX2 is not entirely specific for tumors of colorectal origin. Therefore, researchers have chosen to investigate SATB2 . SATB2 staining in colorectal adenocarcinoma has shown a sensitivity of 80% to 96.8% with diffuse/strong nuclear staining in the majority of cases .…”

“…Another antibody, SATB homeobox 2 (SATB2), has recently been established as a sensitive and specific marker for cancer of colorectal and osteoblastic origin in surgical pathology. SATB2 is an AT‐rich, DNA‐binding protein, nuclear matrix‐associated transcription factor and epigenetic regulator .…”

“…SATB2 is an AT‐rich, DNA‐binding protein, nuclear matrix‐associated transcription factor and epigenetic regulator . SATB2 staining in colorectal adenocarcinoma has demonstrated a sensitivity of 80% to 97% . To our knowledge to date, studies examining SATB2 staining of MCA in cytology specimens are lacking.…”

SATB2 in neuroendocrine neoplasms: strong expression is restricted to well‐differentiated tumours of lower gastrointestinal tract origin and is most frequent in Merkel cell carcinoma among poorly differentiated carcinomas

“…SATB2 was introduced to the diagnostic pathology community in the context of the immunohistochemistry‐based protein expression profiling of the Human Protein Atlas, which revealed relatively restricted expression in colonic epithelium and colon cancer . SATB2 has subsequently attracted significant interest as a lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract‐specific adenocarcinoma marker …”

Regulative Effect of Mir-205 on Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs): Possible Role of SATB2/Runx2 and ERK/MAPK Pathway

“…Studies have showed that SATB2 could regulate bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) expression by enhancing the activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) [18]. Recently, SATB2 has been identified as a novel marker of osteogenic differentiation [19]. It was reported that mir-205 regulated osteoblast differentiation and formation by directly targeting Runx2, and whether mir-205 can regulate SATB2 has not yet been explored.…”