Satellite communications at KU, KA, and V bands: Propagation impairments and mitigation techniques

Panagopoulos, Athanasios D.; Arapoglou, Pantelis-Daniel; Cottis, Panayotis G.

doi:10.1109/comst.2004.5342290

Cited by 444 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Clouds, precipitation and atmospheric gases attenuate the power of the signal and atmospheric turbulence causes scintillation to the amplitude of the propagated signal. Rain attenuation is the most severe cause of degradation of the signal [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

Kourogiorgas

Panagopoulos

Kanellopoulos

et al. 2012

2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)

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Abstract-The Inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution is examined for modeling the rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial link rain attenuation. The long-term statistics of rain rate and rain attenuation are modeled using the IG distribution. The method is validated using the recommendation of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation ITU-R. P. 837 and rain rate data from the ITU Study Group 3 database (DBSG3) database for the case of rain rate. For the modeling of rain attenuation, data which are derived from two databases of DBSG3, these of Earth-space links and line-of-sight terrestrial links are used for validating the model. The results are compared to the one using the lognormal distribution. It has been shown that IG distribution could be more appropriate for modeling rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial link rain attenuation. Finally, some useful conclusions are derived and presented in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

Kourogiorgas

Panagopoulos

Kanellopoulos

et al. 2012

2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)

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“…Let us study (2) under the hypothesis of providing the minimum equivalent and tolerableρ o (fixed by the tolerated maximum probability of symbol and bit error) by reducing R s (t). In other words, we suppose that the link can match dynamically and perfectly R s (t) to the slow (compared with the symbol rate) time-varying A(t).…”

Section: Equivalent Download Time During Rain Attenuation and Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, if the size of the data volume downloaded in a given observation time T obs (a day, a week, a month, etc.) is more valuable than the instantaneous symbol or bit rate (as it may be the case in Earth resources observation or in other services that allow long delays in communicating data), another approach can be more useful and avoid overdesign, namely the various adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) techniques (in the vast literature on the subject, for brevity, see [1][2][3][4][5]). …”

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confidence: 99%

A method to achieve clear-sky data-volume download in satellite links affected by tropospheric attenuation

Matricciani

2015

Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network.

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SUMMARYFor data downloading from satellites, the traditional approach of considering the complementary probability distribution, P(A trop ) of the total tropospheric attenuation A trop (dB), at a frequency, polarization, and elevation angle, may be too pessimistic, and it may lead to large overdesign. If the data volume downloaded in a given observation time T obs (a day, a week, a month, etc.), with a constant probability of symbol error, is more valuable than the instantaneous symbol, or bit rate (as it may be the case in Earth resources observation or in other services that allow long delays in communicating data), another approach can avoid overdesign, namely the various adaptive coding and modulation techniques. We study a particular time integral of A trop (t): (i) to define the average efficiency of a radio channel faded by the troposphere and (ii) to design a method that can theoretically achieve the same volume of data downloaded in clear-sky conditions (no troposphere), even if the radio link is faded by the troposphere. The average efficiency and its bounds can be calculated from the complementary probability distribution of A trop (t). We explicitly apply the theory to radio links faded by rain, by using the experimental rain-attenuation time series measured with satellite ITALSAT in a 37.8°slant path, at 18.7, 39.6, and 49.5 GHz at Spino d'Adda (Italy), and to those simulated with the synthetic storm technique. Based on the average efficiency, we define the method that can achieve in T obs , theoretically, the same data volume as in clear sky, directly applicable to quadrature phase-shift keying, multiple phase-shift keying, and Shannon capacity theorem. The method requires a fixed increase in power margin, and bandwidth, compared with clear-sky conditions, and delivers an average symbol rate equal to the maximum symbol rate obtainable when A trop (t) = 0. The method can also be used in terrestrial links at any frequency. We compare its theoretical performance with the traditional adaptive coding and modulation techniques and show that, even theoretically, these techniques cannot achieve unitary efficiency as, on the contrary, the novel method can do. Real-time satellite communications at frequencies above 10 GHz are characterized with the long-term probability distribution, P(A trop ), of total tropospheric attenuation A trop (dB) (a combination of attenuation due to rain, hail, snow, mist, water vapor, clouds, and oxygen), at a frequency, polarization, and elevation angle. This P(A trop ) refers to an average year, or to a shorter observation period, T obs , for example, a month, and is useful to calculate link budget and to assess link availability. The same approach holds for second-order statistics, such as fade duration and time derivative of fade (rate of change), which describe fading dynamics, especially with regard to rain attenuation, the most rapidly changing and less predictable tropospheric fade in slant paths. Fade duration statistics give information on the duration of continuous out...

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“…For this reason, Propagation Impairment Mitigation Techniques have been identified and tried to be implemented into SatCom systems. Such techniques include Adaptive Coding and Modulation, Power Control and diversity techniques [2]. The most effective PIMTs are the diversity techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most effective PIMTs are the diversity techniques. The four diversity techniques mentioned and analyzed in [2] are site diversity, orbital diversity, frequency and time diversity. In all the diversity techniques, two or more separated, in frequency, space or time, radiopaths are used for the realization of the communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Outage Probability Prediction of Time Diversity Scheme in Broadband Satellite Communication Systems

Kourogiorgas¹,

Panagopoulos²,

Livieratos³

et al. 2013

PIER C

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Abstract-A novel model for the outage probability prediction in time diversity satellite communication (SatCom) systems operating above 10 GHz is proposed. Due to the migration of operating frequency at Ka band and above, atmospheric phenomena affect the signal. Rain is the dominant fading mechanism. Diversity techniques are the probable solution of the compensation of rain fading. Among the diversity techniques, time diversity has been identified as an efficient and cost effective technique. A method for the prediction of outage performance and diversity gain of time diversity SatCom systems is presented based on the physical assumptions of a well accepted dynamic stochastic model. The new method is tested against with simulated and experimental data with encouraging results.

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Satellite communications at KU, KA, and V bands: Propagation impairments and mitigation techniques

Cited by 444 publications

References 50 publications

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

A method to achieve clear-sky data-volume download in satellite links affected by tropospheric attenuation

On the Outage Probability Prediction of Time Diversity Scheme in Broadband Satellite Communication Systems

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