Save the giants: demand beyond production capacity of tantalum raw materials

Abstract

Tantalum’s high melting point and ability to store and release electrical charges have attracted high-tech companies since its usage in capacitors began in the 1930s. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, daily life relied on electronic equipment, resulting in a surge in demand for electronic and communication gadgets, which could necessitate many tantalum raw materials and an assured supply chain. Despite tantalum’s high demand from electronic manufacturers, 5G network systems and electric vehicles are currently added to the tantalum consumer list. The authors have examined three interconnected issues linked to tantalum supply interruption, which has resulted in a growing tantalum scarcity: (1) rising demand for tantalum ores and high-tech equipment while mining activities are in decline owing to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) tantalum ore price volatility constrains the ore supply chain; (3) the challenge of pandemics that shrink mining activities and handicap supply chain. To address the issue of supply shortage in the long-term, the authors suggest that the concerned parties may adopt new norms of reliable, stable, and transparent supply channels instead of relying on an old uncertain and volatile supply system. The authors also suggest the transformation of central African artisanal and small-scale mining (mainly in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) into a modern mining system with a new supply channel that can resist existing and future disruptions.

Behavior of Tantalum in a Fe-Dominated Synthetic Fayalitic Slag System—Phase Analysis and Incorporation

“…Ta is a scarce element on earth, although its use is spread among medicine (Ta-Nb coating for biocompatibility), industrial applications (coatings against high-temperature corrosion or alloying in superalloys) and electronics. Its use is massively applied in the latter, accounting for 70% of the world's consumption [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Ta-based capacitors have better stability and a much higher energy and power volumetric efficiency than other capacitor families, making them indispensable in the miniaturization of electronic components and a key component in 5G technology [29].…”