Sazonalidade da atividade cambial em lianas

Liana anatomy: a broad perspective on structural evolution of the vascular system

“…In contrast to temperate regions, the main factor affecting cambial activity in tropical tree species is the seasonal dry periods (Worbes 1995) or floods in floodplains (Worbes 1985;Schöngart et al 2002). It was previously believed that growth rings of lianas were too irregular to have been produced annually (Schenck 1893); however, new analyses, including periodic sampling of stems (Léon-Gómez & Monroy-Ata 2005;Lima et al 2010;Lima 2012), dendrochronology (Heuzé et al 2009;Brandes et al 2011), and cambial wounding have demonstrated that growth rings are indeed annual and positively correlated with precipitation in the tropics.…”

“…Periodic sampling analyzing the most abundant liana families of the Neotropics, including Bignoniaceae, Leguminosae, and Sapindaceae, from the Brazilian semi-deciduous seasonal forest in the city of São Paulo, shed light on the periodicity of growth in tropical lianas (Lima et al 2010;Lima 2012). Studies of the cambial activity in four species (Tynanthus cognatus and Styzophyllum riparium of the Bignoniaceae; Dalbergia frutescens of the Leguminosae; and Serjania laruotteana of the Sapindaceae) have shown that cambial activity is strongly correlated with the rainy season for these four species (Fig.…”

Seasonal Cambial Activity and Formation of Secondary Phloem and Xylem in White Oaks (Quercus alba L.)

“…Another even more curious case was registered for the liana Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton (Leguminosae), where on the same stem and at the same time of the year, one side of the stem was producing wide vessels while the opposite side was producing small vessels of the latewood [45]. As the stem of lianas is commonly inclined, the authors suggested auxin imbalance in the stem [45].…”

“…Britton (Leguminosae), where on the same stem and at the same time of the year, one side of the stem was producing wide vessels while the opposite side was producing small vessels of the latewood [45]. As the stem of lianas is commonly inclined, the authors suggested auxin imbalance in the stem [45]. We do not know how frequently something like this occurs in trees, since periodical collections of an entire transverse section are not feasible with them.…”

“…The initiation of secondary xylem production before that of phloem has, to the best of our knowledge, been reported only for species growing in semi-arid or tropical regions, such as for guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray, Asteraceae) from the Chihuahuan desert [15], Mimusops elengi Wight (Leguminosae), from tropical India [16], and the liana Dalbergia frutescens (Leguminosae), from southeastern Brazil [45]. We found Quercus alba to start producing both xylem and phloem simultaneously, corroborating the studies with temperate ring-porous species [9,10].…”