Sc(OTf)3: An efficient homogeneous catalyst for microwave-assisted transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone under mild conditions

Li, Fukun; Yang, Ronghe; Du, Ziting; Dai, Jinhang; Wang, Xingmin; Li, Ning; Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Xianming; Liu, Yunqi; Gong, Haifeng; Yin, Hong; Cai, Zhenping

doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112863

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…First, excellent microwave conductivity of Sc(OTf) 3 , caused by the strong polarity of triflate anions, is profitable for both the internal and in-core volumetric heating by coupling effect between microwave energy and raw molecules. [50] Second, the microwave effect was also exhibited in this cascade process. The conversion rate of i-PL and formation rate of GVL should be similar if only thermal effect exists.…”

Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Recently, our group concluded that Sc(OTf) 3 was an efficient Lewis acidic catalyst for microwave-assisted transfer hydrogenation ethyl levulinate to GVL. [50] All of these findings drive us to explore the catalytic activities of M(OTf) n for GVL production from FF upgrading in one pot. Effects of reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, time, catalyst dosage and the type of alcohol on GVL yield were studied and optimized by the response surface methodology with the central composite design (RSM-CCD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)₃

Yang

Zheng³

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) is considered as a star biochemical which can be used as a green solvent, fuel additive and versatile organic intermediate. In this study, metal triflate (M(OTf)n) was utilized as the catalyst for one‐pot transformation of furfural (FF) to GVL in alcohol media under microwave irradiation. Alcohol plays multiple functions including solvent, hydrogen donor and alcoholysis reagent in this cascade reaction process. And process efficiency of GVL production from FF upgrading is strongly related to the effective charge density of selected catalyst and the reduction potential of selected alcohol. Complex (OTf)n‐M‐O(H)R, presenting both Brønsted acid and Lewis acid, is the real catalytic active species in this cascade reaction process. Among various catalysts, Sc(OTf)3 exhibited the best catalytic activity for GVL production. Various reaction parameters including the Sc(OTf)3 amount, reaction temperature and time were optimized by the response surface methodology with the central composite design (RSM‐CCD). Up to 81.2% GVL yield and 100% FF conversion were achieved at 143.9 oC after 8.1 h in the presence of 0.16 mmol catalyst. This catalyst exhibits high reusability and can be regenerated by oxidative degradation of humins. In addition, a plausible cascade reaction network was proposed based on the distribution of product.

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Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)₃

Yang

Zheng³

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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The Simpler the Better: One‐Pot Production of γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass Conversion through All‐In‐One Sc(OTf)₃ Catalyzed Cascade Reaction

Hao,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Asian J Org Chem

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γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) derived from non‐edible biomass resources has attracted much intense attention from both academia and industry, due to its excellent properties as green solvent and ideal renewable feedstock for production of bioenergy and biorefinery. However, the practical application of current synthetic technologies is restricted by complicated catalyst system and high production cost so far. Here we report a simple but highly efficient method to realize one‐pot synthesis of bio‐derived GVL by a series of Lewis acidic triflates (M(OTf)3 (M = Sc3+, Ln3+)) under mild condition, achieving up to 78% GVL yield from furfural (FUR) without any additives or pretreatments. Systematic mechanistic studies, including reaction monitoring, identification of key intermediates and deuterium control experiments disclose the nature of such one‐pot conversion by all‐in‐one Sc(OTf)3. This system exhibits several excellent features such as commercially available and inexpensive catalyst, 100% carbon atom‐economy, environmentally friend, simple preparation and separation procedures. This method could also be applied to the upstream raw materials, including xylose, hemicellulose and even corncob, achieving GVL in 36%, 35% and 21% yields in one‐pot manner, respectively.

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Magnetic N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Immobilized Zirconium-Based Biomass-Derived Hybrid for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate

He,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Catal Lett

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Sc(OTf)3: An efficient homogeneous catalyst for microwave-assisted transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone under mild conditions

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)₃

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)₃

The Simpler the Better: One‐Pot Production of γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass Conversion through All‐In‐One Sc(OTf)₃ Catalyzed Cascade Reaction

Magnetic N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Immobilized Zirconium-Based Biomass-Derived Hybrid for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate

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Sc(OTf)3: An efficient homogeneous catalyst for microwave-assisted transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone under mild conditions

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)3

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)3

The Simpler the Better: One‐Pot Production of γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass Conversion through All‐In‐One Sc(OTf)3 Catalyzed Cascade Reaction

Magnetic N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Immobilized Zirconium-Based Biomass-Derived Hybrid for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)₃

Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone over Sc(OTf)₃

The Simpler the Better: One‐Pot Production of γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass Conversion through All‐In‐One Sc(OTf)₃ Catalyzed Cascade Reaction