SCAFFI: An intrachip FPGA asynchronous interface based on hard macros

Pontes, Julian; Soares, Rafael; Carvalho, Ewerson; Moraes, Fernando; Calazans, Ney

doi:10.1109/iccd.2007.4601950

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In their results, they reported a significant increase in maternal BP and HR and in fetal HR only when 50% of CVM was used in the exercises involving the back and leg extension dynamometer. The same difference was not observed with the manual grip dynamometer, and it was concluded that the size of the recruited muscle mass had more of a cardiovascular impact than the intensity of the contraction [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This modality is rarely tested on pregnant women because it increases maternal blood pressure and can subsequently affect placental circulation [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By promoting cardiorespiratory resistance and muscle strengthening, isometric exercise aids in the prevention of lower back pain and contributes to the quality of other types of exercises, including aerobic exercise [5] [6] [7]. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate maternal and fetal response of low-risk pregnant women undergoing isometric testing through a Doppler velocimetry study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Maternal Isometric Exercise

Soares¹,

Gallarreta²,

Neme³

2018

OJOG

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Background: Studies on physical activity during pregnancy and its impact on mother and fetus are still limited. International protocols consider only aerobic exercise and fail to provide information about other modalities such as isometric exercise. Isometric exercise promotes cardiorespiratory resistance and muscle strengthening, but it is rarely tested on pregnant women because it increases maternal blood pressure and can subsequently affect placental circulation. Objective: To evaluate maternal and fetal response of low-risk pregnant women undergoing isometric testing through a Doppler velocimetry study. Methodology: A cross-sectional, experimental study was performed on 46 healthy pregnant women (gestational age between 26 and 36 weeks) who underwent isometric testing. This testing was performed using a handgrip dynamometer to measure maternal and fetal hemodynamic parameters before, during, and after isometric testing. Results: There was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (BP; pre-isometrics 113.13 ± 9.92 mmHg, during isometrics 117.13 ± 10.24 mmHg, and post-isometrics 112.43 ± 9.87 mmHg, p < 0.001) and heart rate (HR; pre-isometrics 87.52 ± 14.10 bpm, during isometrics 97.61 ± 14.83 bpm, and post-isometrics 85.13 ± 13.24 bpm, p < 0.001). There were significant decreases in the pulsatility index (PI; pre-isometrics 0.63 ± 0.15, during isometrics 0.56 ± 0.15, and post-isometrics 0.65 ± 0.17, p = 0.001), resistance index (RI; pre-isometrics 0.44 ± 0.08, during isometrics 0.40 ± 0.07, and post-isometrics 0.45 ± 0.08, p = 0.001), and systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio (pre-isometrics 1.81 ± 0.26, during isometrics 1.69 ± 0.24, and post-isometrics 1.85 ± 0.29, p < 0.001) of the left uterine artery (UA). These results showed significant changes only during the isometric exercise, and not between the pre-and post-isometric exercises. There were no significant differences in fetal parameters when the results before, during, and after the isometric test were compared. Conclusion: Isometric testing had no repercussions for fetal hemodynamics in healthy low-risk pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This modality is rarely tested on pregnant women because it increases maternal blood pressure and can subsequently affect placental circulation [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Maternal Isometric Exercise

Soares¹,

Gallarreta²,

Neme³

2018

OJOG

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“…In general, the instantiation of hard macros guarantees that all instances of a module present identical and predictable delay characteristics. This allows implementing asynchronous circuits on FPGA as demonstrated for example by Pontes et al in [16].…”

Section: Implementation On Fpgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on FPGA of triple rail logic robustness against DPA and DEMA

Lomne¹,

Maurine²,

Торрес³

et al. 2009

2009 Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition

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Abstract-Side channel attacks are known to be efficient techniques to retrieve secret data. In this context, this paper concerns the evaluation of the robustness of triple rail logic against power and electromagnetic analyses on FPGA devices. More precisely, it aims at demonstrating that the basic concepts behind triple rail logic are valid and may provide interesting design guidelines to get DPA resistant circuits which are also more robust against DEMA.

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“…18. The strategy proposed for critical timing paths is to use try and error for the routing and then compose a physical hard macro to¯x the timing.…”

Section: Proposed Implementation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Appropriate Handling of Metastable Voltages in FPGAs

Polzer

Najvirt

Beck

et al. 2015

J CIRCUIT SYST COMP

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The signi¯cant process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations seen with modern technologies make strictly synchronous design ine±cient. Asynchronous design with its°exible timing is a promising alternative, but prototyping is di±cult on the available FPGA platforms which are clock centric and do not provide the required functional primitives like mutual exclusion or Muller C-elements. The solutions proposed in the literature so far work nicely in principle but cannot safely handle metastability issues that are inevitable even at some interfaces in asynchronous designs. In this paper, we propose reliable implementations of the fundamental function blocks required to safely convert potential intermediate voltage levels that result from metastability into late transitions that can be reliably handled in the asynchronous domain. These are high-and low-threshold bu®ers as well as a Schmitt-trigger. We give elaborate background analysis for the proposed circuits and also present the associated routing constraints to make the Schmitt-trigger circuit work properly in spite of the uncertain routing within FPGAs. Furthermore, we propose a procedure for an \in situ reliability assessment" of the speci¯c Schmitt-trigger element under consideration, which also applies to metastability containment with high-or low-threshold bu®ers only. Our proof of concept is based on experimental results for both Xilinx and Altera FPGA platforms.

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SCAFFI: An intrachip FPGA asynchronous interface based on hard macros

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Maternal Isometric Exercise

Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Maternal Isometric Exercise

Evaluation on FPGA of triple rail logic robustness against DPA and DEMA

On the Appropriate Handling of Metastable Voltages in FPGAs

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