This review summarizes drug discovery efforts on mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators
IntroductionGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a role in eliciting and modulating synaptic responses. These processes involve ionotropic (AMPA, NMDA, kainate) and metabotropic receptors. Up to now eight metabotropic glutamate (mGluR) receptors have been described and characterized [1] and were classified into three subgroups based on their similarity in sequence, signaling and pharmacology [2]. Most of the drug discovery interest has been focused to Group I and Group II targets that include mGluR1/mGluR5 and mGluR2/mGluR3 receptors, respectively. Inhibition of mGluR1 receptors has been connected to anxiolytic [3] and analgesic [4] effects. Negative modulation of mGluR5 receptors found to be beneficial in the animal models of anxiety, depression, Fragile-X and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [5,6]. mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) are believed to be attractive as a potential pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia [7]. In addition to mGluR5 PAMs compounds targeting Group II receptors are also considered as a promising treatment option for schizophrenia. mGluR2 and mGluR3 receptors impact the glutamatergic transmission in certain brain areas implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These neurobiological observations have been validated in the experimental models of schizophrenia indicating that Group II mGluR agonists are effective in a number of antipsychotic animal models [8][9][10][11]. One of the best characterized compounds from this class is the mGluR2/3 receptor agonists LY404039 that showed remarkable efficacy in animal