“…According to previous studies, several logic gates and computing devices [13] are implemented with QCA. Basic implementations that have been proposed are the binary wire [6], the majority gate, AND gate [14], OR gate [14], NOT gate [14], XOR gate [14], bit-serial adder [15,16], full adder [1,14,15,17,18], multiplier [19], multiplexer [1,2], flip-flop [20][21][22], serial memory [23,24], parallel memory [25], Arithmetic Logic Unit [1,26], microprocessor [26], Programmable Logic Array (PLA) [27], etc.…”