Scale attachment and detachment: The role of hydrodynamics and surface morphology

Fouling management in oceanic carbon capture via in-situ electrochemical bipolar membrane electrodialysis

“…Scale formation is a multi-step complex process that involves nucleation, adhesion, and growth as explained below [66,67]. This complexity is reflected in different studies where contradictory results of higher scaling rates have been observed both in systems with increased and reduced fluid velocities [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75].…”

“…high hydrodynamic shear stresses makes the bio-film denser and thus more difficult to remove [78][79][80][81], which could also be the case for scaling here. We hypothesize that the effect of the higher DIC, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ions concentration of BPMED-produced-acid on hindering the mineral dissolution (and/or mineral compacting) overshadows the positive effect of a higher shear force for cleaning the scaling (i.e., detaching from the surface of the membrane/mesh-spacer) [67]. This explains why a higher flow rate in the case of the BPM-acid lowers Δp Base recovery instead of improving it, Fig.…”

A Benchmark Database for Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte Solutions: Consistency Analysis Using E-NRTL

“…One can observe that different optimal parameter sets could be found when different parameter ranges are imposed, indicating possible local minima in the OFs. In Table 2, results calculated with OF-M and OF-MV are approximately as good, only slightly better with the parameter set obtained in [(−5, −1), (4,12)]. However, OF-V results in large deviations from the MIAC data sets, when parameters are regressed in both ranges.…”

“…The second parameter set will be discussed in section 4.2. Alcohol−salt parameters are optimized in two ranges [(−5, −1), (4,12)] and [(4, 16), (4,8)] (extended when boundaries are reached in optimizations), which are found to be reasonable ranges using a trial-and-error procedure.…”

“…Electrolyte solutions are important in many industrial processes, e.g., CO 2 capture and sequestration, flue gas treatment, desalination, scale formation, corrosion resistance enhancement, batteries, pharmaceutical processes, and so on. Reliable experimental data are essential for thermodynamic property model development and process system modeling, while incomplete and inaccurate data hampers their utilization .…”