Scaling of mortality in 742 metropolitan areas of the Americas

Bilal, Usama; Castro, Caio P. de; Alfaro, Tania; Barrientos‐Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh; Barreto, Maurício L.; Leveau, Carlos M.; Martínez-Folgar, Kevin; Miranda, J. Jaime; Montes, Felipe; Mullachery, Pricila; Pina, Maria de Fátima de; Rodrı́guez, Daniel A.; Santos, Gervásio Ferreira dos; Andrade, Roberto F. S.; Roux, Ana V. Diez

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl6325

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Also, the strength of associations between LE and the selected predictors was stronger for men than for women. Previous findings could shed a light on this difference, which could be explained by the concentration of violent deaths among young men [ 8 ] and the scale of cities, where larger cities are likely to have a higher proportionate mortality by violence than smaller cities [ 8 , 16 , 30 ]. This gender difference is a health outcome likely to be critical in understanding how cities are shaped by gender inequities that have both biological and nonbiological origins, rooted in gender norms and inequities [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Inequities in Life Expectancy in Small Areas of Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015–2017

et al. 2023

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Studies of life expectancy (LE) in small areas of cities are relatively common in high-income countries but rare in Latin American countries. Small-area estimation methods can help to describe and quantify inequities in LE between neighborhoods and their predictors. Our objective was to analyze the distribution and spatial patterning of LE across small areas of Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina, and its association with socioeconomic characteristics. As part of the SALURBAL project, we used georeferenced death certificates in 2015–2017 for CABA, Argentina. We used a spatial Bayesian Poisson model using the TOPALS method to estimate age- and sex-specific mortality rates. We used life tables to estimate LE at birth. We obtained data on neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics from the 2010 census and analyzed their associations. LE at birth was higher for women (median of across neighborhoods = 81.1 years) compared to men (76.7 years). We found a gap in LE of 9.3 (women) and 14.9 years (men) between areas with the highest and the lowest LE. Better socioeconomic characteristics were associated with higher LE. For example, mean differences in LE at birth in areas with highest versus lowest values of composite SES index were 2.79 years (95% CI: 2.30 to 3.28) in women and 5.61 years (95% CI: 4.98 to 6.24) in men. We found large spatial inequities in LE across neighborhoods of a large city in Latin America, highlighting the importance of place-based policies to address this gap.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Inequities in Life Expectancy in Small Areas of Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015–2017

et al. 2023

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“…This urban penalty became an “urban advantage” during the 20 th century, as [ 27 ] revealed for France. Note also that using data from 2010 to 2016 on metropolitan areas of the Americas, [ 41 ] show that more populated cities have lower mortality in U.S. cities. The urban advantage may be explained by a more educated population and better access to health care facilities in urbanized regions [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality inequalities in France since the 1920s: Evidence of a reversal of the income gradient in mortality

2023

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Many recent studies show that Europe has had a lower mortality inequality for most ages than the United States over the last thirty years. However, the evolution of the income gradient in mortality all along the twentieth century remains poorly understood. This article uses a unique dataset that gives the annual lifetables and fiscal income for the 90 administrative regions of mainland France from 1922 to 2020. The income gradients in mortality are computed across regions using a traditional method with calendar ages and, alternatively, with mortality milestones to control for the increase in life expectancy over time. The study reveals a systematic reversal of the gradient that occurred around the 1970s for both sexes and all ages or mortality groups when calculated at an aggregated level. Inequality in mortality amongst the oldest age groups has however returned to a level observed at least ten years earlier because of Covid-19, even after controlling for mortality improvements over the period.

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“…Likewise, murder and aggravated assault scale superlinearly with population size for cities in the United States 12 . Interestingly, an equivalent scaling has been found for homicides, which encompass lawful and unlawful killing of a person 14 . A few hypotheses have been posited to explain superlinear scaling of crime.…”

Section: Urban Scalingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urban scaling of firearm violence, ownership and accessibility in the United States

Succar,

Porfiri

2024

Nat Cities

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Scaling of mortality in 742 metropolitan areas of the Americas

Abstract: The scaling of mortality in cities of the Americas varies widely by cause and region.

Cited by 13 publications

References 74 publications

Spatial Inequities in Life Expectancy in Small Areas of Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015–2017

Spatial Inequities in Life Expectancy in Small Areas of Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015–2017

Mortality inequalities in France since the 1920s: Evidence of a reversal of the income gradient in mortality

Urban scaling of firearm violence, ownership and accessibility in the United States

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