Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM)‐based Palyno‐morphological views of Solanaceae in Western Himalaya

Abstract

In this study, plants belonging to family Solanaceae growing in Western Himalaya region have been observed palynologically under Light Microscope and Scanning electron microscope. Present investigation comprises of 10 genera and 23Withania somnifera. Solanaceae is a eurypalynous family. Grains are usually Tricolporate and Tetracolporate, radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate-spheroidal to oblate-spheroidal to oblatespheroidal to subprolate to per prolate or suboblate to oblate, size range: 8.55-72 μm, amb circular, semi-angular or subangular, aperture drop-type, labrum common-type, exine usually 2 μm thick, nexine 1-1.5 μm thick. Tectum usually psilate, sexine reticulate, granulate or striato-reticulate, with obscure pattern, sexine 1-2 μm thick, nexine 1-1.5 μm thick, and intine 0.5-1 μm thick.Most striking variation has been found in the shape class, aperture-type, and tectal surface. Based on these characters, taxonomic keys have been made for correct identification of members in Solanaceae. However, the grains of this family are usually tricolporate and have direct relationship with certain members of the family Scrophulariaceae.Palyno-morphological characters of family Solanaceae have been studied for the first time in Western Himalayan region of Pakistan. These palyno-morphological characters are significant for identification of the members of family Solanaceae. K E Y W O R D S palynology, Solanaceae, western Himalaya

Chemical Properties, Rheological Behavior, and Melissopalynological Analysis of Selected Brazilian Honeys from Hovenia dulcis Flowering

“…The studies involving the elucidation of pollen types are crucial to understanding its contribution to the honey's properties. Many plant species play an essential role in this process because they present distinctive morphological pollen characters that have an impact on honey quality [10]. In the case of monofloral honey (MH), the labeling can proceed if there is at least 45% of a dominant pollen grain from the same plant.…”

“…The characterization of MH is usually performed by melissopalynology, which allows the authentication of the dominant pollen [9,13,14]. However, other improved techniques are reported, as the case of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry [8], light and scanning electron microscopy [10], liquid chromatography [13], in addition to chemometric tools [12,15] and rheology [7,16]. The rheological properties have been extensively reported as significant characteristics that affect the texture, sensory rating as well as other quality parameters of foods, including shelf stability during storage [7,17,18].…”

Morpho‐palynological and anatomical studies in desert cacti (Opuntia dillenii and Opuntia monacantha) using light and scanning electron microscopy

“…Three to five samples of stem surface were prepared for each plant specimen. Qualitative and quantitative features including; length and width and shape of epidermal cells, anticlinal wall pattern, size of stomatal complex, stomatal pore, subsidiary cells and number of epidermal cell for stomatal index were noted and measured (Ashfaq et al, 2018; Butt et al, 2018; Gul et al, 2019; Kayani et al, 2019; Raza et al, 2020). Stem anatomical photographs were taken using XSP‐45LCD model microscope.…”

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Solanaceae : 2016 microwave-assisted extraction of atropine and scopolamine from Solanaceae family plants ( Datura and Brugmansia genera ) followed by QuEChERS SPE and GC-MS [ 856 ]; H-1 NMR-based metabolite profiling and quantification via HPLC-MS with focus on the tropane alkaloids were applied to compare leaf and root extracts of three wild types and two hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and D. leichhardtii [ 857 ]; 2017 determination of tropane alkaloids (tropane alkaloids as atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine, tropane, tropine, littorine, homatropine, apoatropine, aposcopolamine, scopoline, tropinone, physoperuvine, pseudotropine and cuscohygrine) in cereals and solanaceaes seeds by LC coupled to single stage Exactive-Orbitrap [ 858 ]; 2018 simultaneous quantification of atropine and scopolamine in herbal tea and Solanaceae plant material by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS [ 859 ]; i dentification of 18 tropane alkaloids, 8 phenolic acids and related compounds and 7 flavonoids in extracts of L. pubiflora (of the Solanaceae family) by UHPLC-PDA-MS [ 860 ]; 2019 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM) 10 genera and 23 species of the Solanaceae family (Atropa acuminata, Capsicum decoraticus, Capsicum frutescens, Cestrum aurantiacum, Cestrum diurnum, Cestrum nocturnum, Datura alba, Datura innoxia, Datura stramonium, Hyoscymus niger, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia alba, Petunia hybrida, Solanum erianthum, Solanum melongena, Solanum miniatum, Solanum pseudocapsicum, Solanum surratense, Solanum tuberosum, Withania coagulans, Withania somnifera) [ 861 ].…”