Scapular Dyskinesis, Shoulder Joint Position Sense, and Functional Level After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair

Abstract

Background: Scapular kinesia is an important component of glenohumeral rhythm and shoulder stability. No studies have evaluated scapular dyskinesis and its relationship to shoulder proprioception in patients who have undergone arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR). Purpose: To investigate scapular dyskinesis, proprioception, and functional level after ABR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 13 male patients who underwent ABR (ABR group; mean age, 30 years; range, 24-36 years) and 13 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals (control group). The age, height, weight, and dominant side of all participants were collected. Scapular dyskinesis was evaluated using the lateral scapular slide test and the scapular dyskinesis test; proprioception was measured by the active angle reproduction test using a smartphone goniometer application, and functional level was assessed using the upper-quarter Y-balance test for dynamic stability as well as the Rowe score and Walch-Duplay score for quality of life and return to activities of daily living. Results: The presence of static scapular dyskinesis in the neutral position, at 45° of abduction, and at 90° of abduction as well as the presence of dynamic scapular dyskinesis was higher in the ABR group compared with the control group ( P ≤ .04 for all). Shoulder joint position sense (absolute error) at 40° and 100° of shoulder elevation and shoulder functional level according to the Rowe score were worse in the ABR patients compared with the healthy controls ( P ≤ .02 for all). Dynamic scapular dyskinesis was negatively related to shoulder joint position sense at 40° of shoulder elevation ( r = –0.64; P = .01). Static scapular movement as measured on the lateral scapular slide test was moderately related to the Rowe score ( r = 0.58; P = .03). Conclusion: Scapular kinematics and proprioception should be evaluated after ABR. Treatment approaches to improve scapular control and proprioceptive sense should be included in the rehabilitation program for patients after ABR.

Comparison of Joint Position Sense and Force-Reproduction in Female Racquet Athletes with and Without Scapular Dyskinesia

“…The researchers also found a negative correlation between dynamic SD and JPS at 40°o f shoulder elevation on the operated side. Therefore, exercises that enhance dynamic scapular control and proprioception below 90°of shoulder elevation should be recommended for these patients (24). Additionally, the independent t-test results demonstrated a significant difference in FR of the shoulder joint between athletes with and without SD (P < 0.05).…”

“…This study's novelty lies in its comprehensive evaluation of JPS and force reproduction within the female racquet athlete population, with and without SD. While previous research may have explored similar measures in other athlete populations (2,4,8,(22)(23)(24)(25) or focused exclusively on either JPS or force reproduction (26), our study uniquely combines these assessments within the specific context of female racquet sports athletes. Furthermore, our study delves into the nuanced relationship between these parameters and scapular dyskinesia, an area that has yet to be explored within the context of JPS and force reproduction in female racquet athletes.…”

“…Our study stands out for its comprehensive evaluation of JPS and force reproduction, specifically in female racquet athletes with and without scapular dyskinesia (SD). While previous research may have investigated similar measures in other athlete populations or focused solely on either JPS or force reproduction (2,4,8,(22)(23)(24)(25), our study uniquely combines these assessments in the context of female racquet sports athletes.…”

“…This unique focus enables us to gain potential insights tailored to this specific group, contributing to a deeper understanding of the impact of SD on JPS and force reproduction within the context of racquet sports. No studies have compared JPS and force reproduction in racquet athletes with and without SD, despite previous research on the relationship between proprioceptive deficits and sports injuries (20,23,24).…”

Effects of Adding Aquatic-to-Land-Based Physiotherapy Programs for Shoulder Joint Position Sense Rehabilitation

“…Given the importance of proprioception on performing movements in a coordinated manner, we can see a strong association between various musculoskeletal disorders and their negative influence on proprioception [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. When it comes to the shoulder joint, due to the high degree of mobility, the synchronization of active and passive structures has a major role in its stability [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. For this reason, shoulder neuromuscular control plays an important role by coordinating muscle activity during voluntary functional movements, which involve the co-activation of the shoulder muscles, reflexes, and the regulation of strength and endurance [ 14 ].…”