Scattered Radiation Doses to Some Critical Organs During Pediatric Radiotherapy

Abstract

The levels of scattered radiation doses imparted to the eyes, thyroid and gonads of pediatric patients treated with orthovoltage radiation (300 kVp, 2.0 mmCu HVL) and with a 4-MV linear accelerator, were determined by making thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements in three paraffin phantoms of different sizes. These phantoms were made from molds of mannequins used for store display, of approximate heights 30", 40" and 50", representing children of ages 1-2, 4-5 and 8-10 yr, respectively. The sites chosen for irradiation were (1) the whole brain, (2) the chest, (3) the kidney bed, (4) the whole abdomen and (5) the spinal column. These sites are normally treated in such pediatric malignancies as medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor. Some of the doses measured are less than 10 rad for an entire treatment regimen, and would therefore be categorized as low-level doses. Where radiation was the only mode of treatment for long-term survivors of such malignancies, especially those treated 20-30 yr ago with orthovoltage radiation, useful data may be extracted for contributing to our knowledge about the long-term effects of low levels of radiation.

Influence of a Child's Sex on Medulloblastoma Outcome

“…[1][2][3][4] Therapy inevitably has serious adverse effects on the developing central nervous and skeletal systems, 5,6 including marked learning disabilities, hormonal and hearing abnormalities, short stature, and induction of secondary tumors. [7][8][9] In fact, it is difficult to demonstrate that variations in outcome are more than the result of variations in classification of the disease at presentation. Medulloblastoma has been staged as low risk or high risk.…”