Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Wijtenburg, S. Andrea; Rowland, Laura M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91771-1.00008-3

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This scenario could be caused by either the patient heterogeneity, especially in the EP group, or competing pathological mechanisms of deterioration 5 -abnormal myelination 31 vs neuroinflammation 34 that have opposite effects on dMRI metrics and, when combined, result in a more challenging interpretation. Indeed, neuroinflammation has the effect of reducing diffusivities and increasing kurtosis due to higher cellular crowding associated with microgliosis and astrocytosis 31,32,34,35 . In support of this mechanism, proinflammatory cytokines have been reported to be elevated in EP 95 and SZ 96 , and related to negative symptoms in EP 95 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in FA and MD can be the consequence of several possible pathological mechanisms like edema 30 , demyelination 31,32 , axonal loss or their combination 33–35 . The heterogeneity in the possible interpretations highlights the importance of increasing the specificity of available in vivo dMRI-derived microstructure metrics by studying the radial and axial diffusivity estimates of DTI, which are rarely reported 4,5,9,15,27,36 , and estimate Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging 37,38 (DKI), an extension of DTI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Matter Microstructure Alterations in Early Psychosis and Schizophrenia

Pavan,

Alemán-Gómez,

Jenni

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background and Hypothesis: Studies on schizophrenia feature diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) to investigate white matter (WM) anomalies. The heterogeneity in the possible interpretations of these metrics highlights the importance of increasing their specificity. Here, we characterize WM pathology in early psychosis (EP) and schizophrenia (SZ) with increased specificity using advanced dMRI metrics: Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and White Matter Track Integrity - Watson (WMTI-W) biophysical model. This enables us to better characterize WM abnormalities and relate them to symptomatology. Study Design: dMRI-derived microstructure features were extracted from all of WM and from individual tracts in 275 individuals. 93 patients with EP and 47 with SZ were compared respectively to 135 age-range matched healthy controls (HC). The relationships between the dMRI metrics in WM and various clinical scales were investigated in each patient group. Study Results: WM diffusivities were higher, while kurtosis was lower in EP and SZ vs HC. Differences were more pronounced in EP than SZ. WMTI-W model parameters suggest alterations to the extra-axonal compartment in EP and SZ, consistent with abnormal myelin integrity and WM deterioration. Patient groups showed clustered but non-significant correlations between dMRI metrics and psychotic symptoms. Depressive dimensions were significantly associated with decreased diffusivities in WM, while manic scales correlated with increased diffusivities and reduced kurtosis. Conclusions: dMRI patterns in EP and SZ highly suggest WM deterioration in comparison to HC. DMRI changes better align with affective dimensions, while the relationship with psychotic symptoms may be confounded by competing pathological effects on the microstructure and disease heterogeneity.

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