Schizotypy is associated with reduced mnemonic precision in visual working memory

Cappiello, Marcus; Park, Hyung-Bum; Deldin, Patricia J.; Chan, Raymond C.K.; Zhang, Weiwei

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.046

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, mnemonic processes are supported by neural mechanisms beyond those underlying perceptual processes (Eriksson, Vogel, Lansner, Bergström, & Nyberg, 2015; Quian Quiroga, 2016). Furthermore, perceptual precision cannot fully explain individual variability in mnemonic precision (Xie, Berry, Lustig, Deldin, & Zhang, 2019; Xie et al, 2018; also see Korkki et al, 2020). To account for these memory-related variances, one must consider how precise perceptual representations are transformed into high-fidelity mnemonic representations following the offset of sensory inputs (Quian Quiroga, 2016; Yonelinas, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlated Individual Differences in the Estimated Precision of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: Commentary on the Study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)

2020

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confidence: 99%

Correlated Individual Differences in the Estimated Precision of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: Commentary on the Study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)

2020

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“…This sets a major constraint on a wide range of cognitive and affective processes, such as attention (Kane, Poole, Tuholski, & Engle, 2006), fluid intelligence (Conway, Cowan, Bunting, Therriault, & Minkoff, 2002), processing of affective information (Lynn et al, 2016; Xie et al, 2017), and emotional regulation (Schmeichel, Volokhov, & Demaree, 2008). In addition, compromised WM is also frequently associated with declines in various health-related factors, such as poor sleep quality (e.g., Wee, Asplund, & Chee, 2013), depressed mood (e.g., Xie et al, 2018a), and age (e.g., Peich, Husain, & Bays, 2013), suggesting the importance of WM assessment in translational research.…”

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Poor Sleep Quality and Compromised Visual Working Memory Capacity

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Lustig

Deldin

et al. 2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives: Reduction in the amount of information (storage capacity) retained in working memory (WM) has been associated with sleep loss. The present study examined whether reduced WM capacity was also related to poor everyday sleep quality, and more importantly, whether the effects of sleep quality could be dissociated from the effects of depressed mood and age on WM. Methods: In two studies, WM was assessed using a short-term recall task, producing behavioral measures for both the amount of retained WM information (capacity) and how precise the retained WM representations were (precision). Self-report measures of sleep quality and depressed mood were obtained using questionnaires. Results: In a college-student sample, Study 1 found that poor sleep quality and depressed mood could independently predict reduced WM capacity, but not WM precision. Study 2 generalized these sleep and mood related WM capacity effects to a community sample (aged 21 to 77 years old), and further showed that age was associated with reduced WM precision. Conclusions: Together, these findings have demonstrated dissociable effects of three health-related factors (sleep, mood, and age) on WM representations and highlighted the importance of assessing different aspects of WM representations (e.g., capacity and precision) in future neuropsychological research.

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“…Could the direction of causality be reversed? That is, could a reduction in working memory in high schizotypy ( 58 ) lead to the difficulties in local noise tolerance observed in this paper? The current study is not designed to test this possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Poorer Integration of Local Orientation Information Occurs in Students With High Schizotypal Personality Traits

et al. 2018

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Contour integration is impaired in schizophrenia patients, even at the first episode, but little is known about visual integration abilities prior to illness onset. To examine this issue, we compared undergraduate students high and low in schizotypal personality traits, reflecting putative liability to psychosis, on two psychophysical tasks assessing local and global stages of the integration process. The Radial Frequency Jittered Orientation Tolerance (RFJOT) task measures tolerance to orientation noise at the local signal level, when judging global stimulus orientation, whilst the Radial Frequency Integration Task (RFIT) measures the ability to globally integrate the local signals that have been extracted during shape discrimination. Positive schizotypy was assessed with the Perceptual Aberration (PAb) scale from the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales-Brief. On the RFJOT task, the High PAb group (n = 55) tolerated statistically significantly less noise (d = −0.494) and had a lower proportion of correct responses (d = −0.461) than the Low PAb group (n = 77). For the RFIT there was no statistically significant difference in integration abilities between the High and Low PAb groups. High and Low PAb groups also differed on other positive and disorganized (but not negative) schizotypy traits, hence poorer performance on the RFJOT may not be solely related to unusual perceptual experiences. These findings suggest that difficulties with local noise tolerance but not global integration occur in healthy young adults with high levels of schizotypal personality traits, and may be worth investigating as a marker of risk for schizophrenia.

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Schizotypy is associated with reduced mnemonic precision in visual working memory

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Correlated Individual Differences in the Estimated Precision of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: Commentary on the Study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)

Correlated Individual Differences in the Estimated Precision of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: Commentary on the Study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)

Poor Sleep Quality and Compromised Visual Working Memory Capacity

Poorer Integration of Local Orientation Information Occurs in Students With High Schizotypal Personality Traits

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