Schumann Resonances and e.l.f. propagation for inhomogeneous, isotropic ionosphere profiles

Jones, D. Llanwyn

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(67)90138-9

Cited by 84 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…More complicated model profiles were elaborated for the detailed description of the terrestrial and extraterrestrial electromagnetic resonance. Recently, the direct algorithms were suggested and used in the computations of radio propagation in the media with complex dielectric constant [see, e.g., Greifinger et al, 2007;Mushtak and Williams, 2002;Pechony and Price, 2004;Sentman, 1990;Fullekrug, 2000;Jones, 1967Jones, , 1970Kirillov, 1993;Kirillov et al, 1997;Kirillov and Kopeykin, 2002;Tokano et al, 2001;Morente et al, 2006;Yang and Pasko, 2005;Toledo-Redondo et al, 2013, and references therein]. Such a modeling requires substantial computational resources though, while a transition is not always possible to a perfect cavity.…”

Section: Realistic and Idealistic Cavity Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectra and waveforms of ELF transients in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with small losses

Nickolaenko

Hayakawa

2014

Radio Science

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Spectra and the waveforms are computed of the pulsed radio signals arriving from different distances to an observer in the Earth-ionosphere cavity with the single-scale exponential profile of air conductivity. The data were obtained for the cavity with exceptionally small losses. Spectra are compared of the signals in the realistic and an idealistic Earth-ionosphere cavities. The waveforms are computed for such cavities and the pulse propagation velocities are evaluated. Studies of the Schumann resonance started from the ideal cavity model. Subsequent works dealt with the realistic propagation parameters and the ionosphere models on the Earth and other planets. However, the case of small losses is missing in the literature. We model ELF radio signals in such a cavity and demonstrate their noticeable distinctions from the customary records. In particular, the sinusoidal signals do not appear in the cavity with small losses, and instead, we obtain the sharp and large pulses. Computations show that the waveform propagating in the spherical cavity expands in time and reduces in amplitude. The time domain pulsed amplitudes were found at the source antipode and at the source point for the round-the-world wave. The latter becomes rather small even in the cavity with minor losses, so that autotriggering is unrealistic of a consecutive lightning discharge by the round-the-world echo even in a cavity with minor losses.

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Section: Realistic and Idealistic Cavity Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectra and waveforms of ELF transients in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with small losses

Nickolaenko

Hayakawa

2014

Radio Science

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“…Current moment of the source in the frequency domain, I(J)ds is calculated from the amplitude spectrum of the magnetic field by using the normal mode equations [Jones, 1967] with small modification for ordinary frequency. In this study we use the source-observer distance as 1Mm, which is a reasonable value between Moshiri and the location of the events over Hokuriku area accounting to JLDN.…”

Section: Continuous Wide-band Elf Measurement Is Performed Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelation between ELF transients and ionospheric disturbances in association with sprites and elves

Hobara¹,

Iwasaki²,

Hayashida³

et al. 2001

Geophysical Research Letters

101

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“…The parent lightning strokes of sprites, which can excite the Earth-ionosphere cavity resonator, can be modeled by a vertical electric dipole. Jones and Kemp (1970) showed that theoretical spectra of electromagnetic field components of a vertical electric dipole agree well with experimental results if they were calculated from formulae of Wait (1962) including the wave propagational parameters of Jones (1967). Two methods were used to determine the charge moment from the evaluated current moment spectrum.…”

Section: Charge Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current moment spectra of the events processed here were estimated by comparing the measured spectra of the field components to the corresponding theoretical ones characteristic for the source distance (Huang et al, 1999). Theoretical spectra of the vertical electric and the horizontal magnetic field components were calculated using the Wait/Jones model in which the ground is considered perfectly conductive and the ionosphere is isotropic and characterized by the mean of three ionospheric conductivity profiles presented in Jones (1967). The parent lightning strokes of sprites, which can excite the Earth-ionosphere cavity resonator, can be modeled by a vertical electric dipole.…”

Section: Charge Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical observations geomagnetically conjugate to sprite-producing lightning discharges

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Theoretical studies have predicted that large positive cloud-to-ground discharges can trigger a runaway avalanche process of relativistic electrons, forming a geomagnetically trapped electron beam. The beam may undergo pitch angle and energy scattering during its traverse of the Earth's magnetosphere, with a small percentage of electrons remaining in the loss cone and precipitating in the magnetically conjugate atmosphere. In particular, N 2 1P and N + 2 1N optical emissions are expected to be observable. In July and August 2003, an attempt was made to detect these optical emissions, called "conjugate sprites", in correlation with sprite observations in Europe near L 1.78. Sprite observations were made from the Observatoire du Pic du Midi (OMP) in the French Pyrenées, and VLF receivers were installed in Europe to detect causative sferics and ionospheric disturbances associated with sprites. In the Southern Hemisphere conjugate region, the Wide-angle Array for Sprite Photometry (WASP) was deployed at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO), near Sutherland, South Africa, to observe optical emissions with a field-of-view magnetically conjugate to the Northern Hemisphere observing region. Observations at OMP revealed over 130 documented sprites, with WASP observations covering the conjugate region successfully for 30 of these events. However, no incidences of optical emissions in the conjugate hemisphere were found. Analysis of the conjugate optical data from SAAO, along with ELF energy measurements from Palmer Station, Antarctica, and charge-moment analysis, show that the lightning events during the course of this experiment likely had insufficient intensity to create a relativistic beam.

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Schumann Resonances and e.l.f. propagation for inhomogeneous, isotropic ionosphere profiles

Cited by 84 publications

References 10 publications

Spectra and waveforms of ELF transients in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with small losses

Spectra and waveforms of ELF transients in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with small losses

Interrelation between ELF transients and ionospheric disturbances in association with sprites and elves

Optical observations geomagnetically conjugate to sprite-producing lightning discharges

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