Schumpeterian Dynamics Versus Williamsonian Considerations: A Test of Export Intermediary Performance

Abstract

Using a sample of export intermediaries connecting domestic producers and foreign buyers, the study tests competing hypotheses on firm performance derived from the Austrian and transaction cost perspectives. Specifically, the Austrian perspective suggests that the more distant the export market and the more complex the product that the intermediary specializes in, the better its performance. Transaction cost theory, on the other hand, offers conflicting predictions. Our results indicate that these two theories are complementary to each other, and a contingency framework is proposed and discussed. The fundamental impulse which sets and keeps the capitalist engine in motion comes from the new consumers' goods, the new methods of production, the new markets, and the new forms of industrial organization that capitalist enterprise creates. ( Joseph Schumpeter, 1942, p. 83) One behavioral assumption holds that human agents will not reliably selfenforce promises but will defect from the letter and the spirit of an agreement when it suits their purposes . . . To be sure, suspicions and precautions can be and sometimes are taken to excess. But a healthy regard for opportunism is essential to an understanding of the purposes served by complex modes of economic organization. (Oliver Williamson, 1985, p. 388)

Validation of a measure of social entrepreneurship

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Exploratory analysis of foreign markets for Spanish organic wines

“…-Cluster 2: Countries with a large population and high GDP growth, but very low GDP per cultural groups detailed by Ronen and Shenkar (1985) as well as two additional cultural groups added by Peng et al (2000).…”

Entrepreneurs as intermediaries

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