Science and International Environmental Nonregimes: The Case of Arctic Haze

Abstract

Dimitrov et al. argue that nonregimes are a worthy object of research attention that can contribute to international regime theory. Case studies, however, are still sparse. In this article, I examine Arctic haze, an issue area where a transnational environmental problem existed but no regime formed. Arctic haze was (re‐)discovered in 1971 but by 2000, the window of opportunity to form a regime had closed. What factors explain why an Arctic haze regime was not formed between 1971 and 2000? I claim science‐based factors play the dominant role. An analytical approach applicable to the science‐policy interface was employed. Using this approach, I conclude that the Arctic haze nonregime is best explained by the absence of scientifically documented and compelling transboundary consequences to ecosystems and humans. This is a product of the unique nature of the Arctic atmosphere.

The relative importance of impacts from climate change vs. emissions change on air pollution levels in the 21st century

“…In the early and mid-1970s, the first global pollutant problems were identified. The Arctic haze were (re-)discovered in the early 1970s (Wilkening, 2011) and after some years it became clear that it has its origin from Asian and European pollution. Since then, air pollution has no longer been a local or regional problem, but has turned into a global problem and in response, national and international air pollution legislations were formulated and enforced.…”

American business interests meet air pollution transport science: understanding the US response to trans-Pacific air pollution

“…By the early-to mid-twentieth century, scientists were tracing the trans-and intercontinental trajectory of dust released by storms from over-farmed land (notable among these events was the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s). This was followed by the discovery and investigation of anthropogenic fine PM in the Arctic -known as ''Arctic haze'' -during the 1970s and 1980s (Wilkening 2011b). Yet with transborder air pollution politics and science focused on acid rain and later stratospheric ozone depletion during the 1970s and 1980s, the intercontinental transport of PM went off the scientific agenda and was largely forgotten.…”