Science-Policy Interface in Regional Environmental Management: Case of Helcom in the Baltic Context

Abstract

The regional environmental cooperation in the Baltic Sea is the leading and “forerunner” model for managing environmental challenges at the regional level. The Baltic case is very often emphasized from the perspective of the successful implementation of non-binding recommendations toward marine environment management and the political will of contracting countries toward regional environmental cooperation. Despite four decades efforts, the Baltic region is a peculiar and unique case where long-term human-induced pressures and its fragile ecosystem cause even more challenges for regional states. In this study, we investigated the Baltic case from the perspective of the science-policy interface and used data from HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) Stakeholders Conferences organized from 2006 to 2022. The science-policy is regarded as the key processes in environmental protection and management. We conducted the qualitative research based on the document review tracing down interactions and activities of major stakeholders. We found that the Baltic case has led a long-term traditional science-policy processes where there has been a strong presence of scientific community aiming at providing the best available scientific knowledge for marine environment protection and management, and developing the database for decision-making. The Baltic regional cooperation has recently progressed towards involving citizen science, deliberation, and participatory approaches. The stakeholders agreed that to implement the ambitious BSAP into practice and concrete actions, the further development of civil councils, public participation, and multi-sectoral involvement is crucial for robust knowledge production in regional environmental management. From the institutional perspective, the working groups within the HELCOM can facilitate the mediation of scientific communities and societal actors. These groups can serve as boundary organizations in the science-policy interface.