Scientific Discovery and Technological Innovation: Ulcers, Dinosaur Extinction, and the Programming Language Java

Thagard, Paul; Croft, David

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4813-3_8

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, the students employed cognitive strategies including the analogy, existential, and modeling strategies to create new rules for their abductive reasoning. These results provides an empirical support for the assertion by Thagard and Croft (1999) that “abductive generation of hypotheses can be performed using rules such as If Y then X, by causal schemas that connect Y and X, by visual representations of causal connections, and by analogical inference” (pp. 134–135).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Characteristics of abductive inquiry in earth science: An undergraduate case study

2010

Science Education

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ABSTRACT:The goal of this case study was to describe characteristic features of abductive inquiry learning activities in the domain of earth science. Participants were undergraduate junior and senior students who were enrolled in an earth science education course offered for preservice secondary science teachers at a university in Korea. The undergraduate students conducted, as a course activity, earth scientific inquiry according to the Abductive Inquiry Model (AIM) to explain a typhoon's anomalous path. Data sources included students' presentation materials, written reports, and interviews with five selected participants. The data were analyzed qualitatively in collaboration with a practicing earth scientist. The findings of the study revealed the characteristics of students' inquiry performance in each phase of the AIM. During the exploration phase, the students investigated earth scientific phenomena with provided data and transformed the data into new forms to discover problems to be explained abductively. In the examination phase, the students activated and expanded their background knowledge to find appropriate rules for abductive inference. Furthermore, they created new rules, which contained hypothetical explanations for the phenomena in question. The selection phase provided the students with opportunities to evaluate their hypotheses with empirical and theoretical criteria and choose more plausible ones. Finally, in the explanation phase, the students provided genetic and narrative explanations using the hypotheses selected previously. Implications for science inquiry learning as well as relevant research were suggested. C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95: 409 -430, 2011

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Characteristics of abductive inquiry in earth science: An undergraduate case study

2010

Science Education

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“…In contrast, in recordo investigations use as their data source available written documentation of the reasoning process. These may include published papers, laboratory notes, or archived letters written by reasoners (Klahr and Simon 1999;Kurz-Milcke et al 2004;Thagard and Croft 1999). Moreover, retrospective interviews with scientists or engineers, in which participants' recollection of their reasoning process is ascertained and described, are also sometimes incorporated (e.g., Wertheimer 1945).…”

Section: In Recordomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides these analyses, in recordo research has been undertaken to explicate the reasoning that led to the discoveries of oxygen (Holmes 1987), electromagnetism (Nersessian 1984), and the cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs (Thagard and Croft 1999), to name a few. Although each of the aforementioned inquiries has focused on particular scientific discoveries, other researchers (e.g., Gentner and Grudin 1985;Gentner and Jeziorski 1989) have taken a broader historical approach, documenting the usage of relational thinking through the history of science.…”

Section: In Recordomentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational Reasoning in Science, Medicine, and Engineering

Dumas

2016

Educ Psychol Rev

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This review brings together the literature that pertains to the role of relational reasoning, or the ability to discern meaningful patterns within any stream of information, in the mental work of scientists, medical doctors, and engineers. Existing studies that measure four forms of relational reasoning-analogy, anomaly, antinomy, and antithesis-are included in this review. These studies are organized into four groups based on their general measurement paradigm: those that use naturalistic observation methods to study relational reasoning in vivo; those that take a historical perspective to describe the construct as it arises in recordo; those that manipulate relevant variables in an in vitro or laboratory setting; and those that formulate computer models and algorithms to simulate relational reasoning in silico. Principal findings from this literature are presented and discussed, as are enduring questions about the nature and consequences of relational reasoning.

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“…Inventing is among the most important accomplishments of a creative human mind (Thagard and Croft, 1999). The key features of the traditional view of the inventor is that she works alone and that the discovery occurs in a flash of insight (Mayer, 1995).…”

Section: The Social Structures In An Innovation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main difference between an economic innovation process and scientific discovery is in their goal orientation. Whereas scientists formulate laws and theories to account for observations, inventors in business context create new products and technology to accomplish economic goals (Thagard and Croft, 1999).…”

Section: Period Prior To Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework to study the social innovation networks

Taatila

Suomala

Siltala

et al. 2006

European Journal of Innovation Management

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Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by LINKOPINGS UNIVERSITET For Authors:If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comWith over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The importance of innovations in business management is a widely accepted hypothesis. Lately the research on innovation has widened to include consideration of the impact of social networks on the innovation. This paper aims to contribute to research on this approach by suggesting a framework for studying the social aspects of economic innovations. Design/methodology/approach -The paper discusses economic innovation as a product of organizational competencies, highlighting the importance of social network. Findings -This paper has three goals: we clarify the concept of economic innovation, we present the essential questions for studying the economic innovation process, and we present a proposal for an empirical approach and address problems in collecting data about economic innovations. Originality/value -The paper opens a new, socio-psychological approach to studying the innovation processes. It proposes a holistic approach to the phenomenon by combining these with the material aspects of an organization. The paper provides a scientific framework for a new research program.

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Scientific Discovery and Technological Innovation: Ulcers, Dinosaur Extinction, and the Programming Language Java

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Characteristics of abductive inquiry in earth science: An undergraduate case study

Characteristics of abductive inquiry in earth science: An undergraduate case study

Relational Reasoning in Science, Medicine, and Engineering

Framework to study the social innovation networks

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