Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for niacin

Products, Efsa Panel on Dietetic

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3759

Cited by 74 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…FAD and FMN act as proton carriers in redox reactions involved in energy metabolism (Section 2.5), metabolic pathways and the formation of some vitamins and coenzymes (McCormick, 2000;SCF, 2000;Said and Ross, 2012). In particular, riboflavin is involved in the metabolism of niacin and vitamin B6 (McCormick, 1989(McCormick, , 2000EFSA NDA Panel, 2014a, 2016. FAD is also required as a cofactor for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; EC 1.7.99.5) that is a key enzyme in the folate cycle (EFSA NDA Panel, 2015b) and it is required for the formation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate which, in turn, is involved in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine (McKinley et al, 2001).…”

Section: Biochemical Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin

Products¹,

Turck²,

Bresson³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives dietary reference values (DRVs) for riboflavin. The Panel considers that the inflection point in the urinary riboflavin excretion curve in relation to riboflavin intake reflects body saturation and can be used as a biomarker of adequate riboflavin status. The Panel also considers that erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient is a useful biomarker, but has limitations. For adults, the Panel considers that average requirements (ARs) and population reference intakes (PRIs) can be determined from the weighted mean of riboflavin intake associated with the inflection point in the urinary riboflavin excretion curve reported in four intervention studies. PRIs are derived for adults and children assuming a coefficient of variation of 10%, in the absence of information on the variability in the requirement and to account for the potential effect of physical activity and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype. For adults, the AR and PRI are set at 1.3 and 1.6 mg/day. For infants aged 7-11 months, an adequate intake of 0.4 mg/day is set by upward extrapolation from the riboflavin intake of exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months. For children, ARs are derived by downward extrapolation from the adult AR, applying allometric scaling and growth factors and considering differences in reference body weight. For children of both sexes aged 1-17 years, ARs range between 0.5 and 1.4 mg/day, and PRIs between 0.6 and 1.6 mg/day. For pregnant or lactating women, additional requirements are considered, to account for fetal uptake and riboflavin accretion in the placenta during pregnancy or the losses through breast milk, and PRIs of 1.9 and 2.0 mg/day, respectively, are derived.

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Section: Biochemical Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding other B-vitamins, riboflavin is involved in the metabolism of niacin and vitamin B6 (EFSA NDA Panel, 2014a, 2016 and FAD is also required by the MTHFR in the folate cycle (EFSA NDA Panel, 2015b) (Section 2.2.1).…”

Section: Interaction With Other Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin

Products¹,

Turck²,

Bresson³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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“…Niacin is a generic term for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, soluble organic compounds that belong to the group of B vitamins (EFSA NDA Panel, 2014c). Niacin is found in a wide range of foods.…”

Section: Niacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Reference Values for nutrients Summary report

2017

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Dietary reference values (DRVs) is an umbrella term for the complete set of nutrient reference values which include population reference intakes (PRIs), the average requirements (ARs), adequate intakes (AIs) and reference intake (RIs) ranges for macronutrients. These values indicate the amount of a nutrient which must be consumed on a regular basis to maintain health in an otherwise healthy individual (or population). In 2005, the European Commission asked EFSA to review the advice of the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) dated 1993 on DRVs for the European population, to ensure that Community action in the area of nutrition was underpinned by the latest scientific evidence. The task was entrusted to the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). The Panel set the foundations for this task in an inaugural opinion published in 2010, which addressed the general principles for deriving and applying DRVs. A total of 32 scientific opinions were then published over 7 years, covering water, fats, carbohydrates and dietary fibre, protein, energy, as well as 14 vitamins and 13 minerals. This summary report brings together the summaries of the individual opinions, together with synthetic tables and annexes. It provides an overview of the outcome of EFSA's scientific deliberations for easy reference by end-users. This report is not meant to replace the original opinions. For the detailed reasoning behind individual values, the reader is invited to consult the full opinions.

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“…In a previous opinion (EFSA NDA Panel, 2014a), the Panel endorsed the PRI derived by the SCF (1993) which was based on data on urinary niacin metabolite excretion and proposed a PRI of 1.6 mg niacin equivalents (NE)/MJ. For moderately active 40-year-old normal-weight male and female adults, this translates into niacin intakes of 16.7 mg and 13.4 mg NE/day.…”

Section: Niacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control

Products¹

2015

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control. Total diet replacements for weight control are intended to induce a substantial energy deficit in overweight or obese adults who wish to lose weight and replace the whole diet in the context of energyrestricted diets for weight reduction. In this opinion, the Panel proposed a minimum protein content based on a Population Reference Intake for protein adjusted for the overweight or obese (75 g/day), a minimum carbohydrate content based on the obligatory glucose demands of the brain (30 g/day) and minimum contents of linoleic acid (11 g/day), α-linolenic acid (1.4 g/day) and micronutrients based on reference values established either by the Panel or by other scientific or authoritative bodies. Derived from the minimum content of macronutrients, the Panel proposed a minimum energy content of total diet replacements for weight control of 2 510 kJ/day (600 kcal/day). The Panel also advised on potential conditions and restrictions of use for these products. © European SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control. Total diet replacements for weight control are intended to induce a substantial energy deficit in overweight or obese adults who wish to lose weight and replace the whole diet in the context of energy-restricted diets for weight reduction.The guiding principle for providing advice on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control should be that products are safe and suitable when consumed as a sole source of nutrition for several weeks to months by overweight or obese adults in the context of energy-restricted diets for weight reduction. In order to avoid nutrient deficiencies, these products should, therefore, provide at least the Population Reference Intake or the Adequate Intake for adults of all indispensable nutrients. As Dietary Reference Values are generally established for healthy, normal-weight individuals, specific consideration has been given by the Panel in this opinion whether there was an increase in nutrient requirements in the overweight or obese or (rapid) weight loss leads to an increased nutrient loss and thus a higher requirement. The Panel also considered the extent to which different diet compositions impact on losses in fat-free mass, and on other adverse effects of weight loss diets, such as gallstone formation. The effectiveness of a product in terms of extent of weight loss was not in itself considered an appropriate determinant for the necessary composition of total diet replacements for weight control. ProteinThe Population Reference Intake of 0.83 g/kg body weight per day cannot be directly applied to overweight or obese indi...

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Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for niacin

Cited by 74 publications

References 75 publications

Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin

Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin

Dietary Reference Values for nutrients Summary report

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control

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