Scientific Rationale for Designing Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Hardenia, Anu; Maheshwari, Neha; Hardenia, Shiv Shankar; Dwivedi, Sunil Kumar; Maheshwari, Rahul; Tekade, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817909-3.00001-7

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Drug release kinetics is said to be zero-order kinetics when a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time but the rate is independent of the concentration of the drug. Zero-order DDS have the potential to overcome the issues faced by immediate-release and first-order systems by releasing the drug at a constant rate, thereby maintaining drug concentrations within the therapeutic window for an extended period [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Drug Release Kinetics Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, controlled release DDS are required to maintain the plasma drug levels at a constant rate within the therapeutic window and offer the desired therapeutic effect for a longer duration of time. [ 43 ]. A schematic of the disadvantages of conventional DDS is given in Figure 19 .…”

Section: Conventional Vs Controlled Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lesser drug exposure to the biological environment reduces drug toxicity and adverse effects. The overall efficacy of the dosage form is augmented [ 43 ]. The medical rationale behind controlled DDS is schematically represented in Figure 21 .…”

Section: Controlled Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under formulation-related parameters, the biomaterial properties, route of administration, pharmacokinetics and stability enhancement are the major factors. In addition, the drugrelated parameters include drug binding efficiency with plasma proteins and the ability of the drug to cross biological barriers and regulatory aspects are also the foremost criteria in designing the dosage form [43]. Biomaterial properties such as biocompatibility, surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, degradation, mechanical and rheological properties need to be studied.…”

Section: Design Considerations Of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions

2021

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The drug delivery system enables the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to achieve a desired therapeutic response. Conventional drug delivery systems (tablets, capsules, syrups, ointments, etc.) suffer from poor bioavailability and fluctuations in plasma drug level and are unable to achieve sustained release. Without an efficient delivery mechanism, the whole therapeutic process can be rendered useless. Moreover, the drug has to be delivered at a specified controlled rate and at the target site as precisely as possible to achieve maximum efficacy and safety. Controlled drug delivery systems are developed to combat the problems associated with conventional drug delivery. There has been a tremendous evolution in controlled drug delivery systems from the past two decades ranging from macro scale and nano scale to intelligent targeted delivery. The initial part of this review provides a basic understanding of drug delivery systems with an emphasis on the pharmacokinetics of the drug. It also discusses the conventional drug delivery systems and their limitations. Further, controlled drug delivery systems are discussed in detail with the design considerations, classifications and drawings. In addition, nano-drug delivery, targeted and smart drug delivery using stimuli-responsive and intelligent biomaterials is discussed with recent key findings. The paper concludes with the challenges faced and future directions in controlled drug delivery.

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Section: Drug Release Kinetics Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Vs Controlled Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlled Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Considerations Of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions

2021

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“…In CR there are two parameters to consider those are time and rate of release. In SR time is the key parameter to consider and there is no control over the drug release [3]. These CR systems release drug in a predetermined rate for a specific period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation Development and In Vitro Characterization of Zolmitriptan Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems

Pandala¹,

Bakshi²,

Jadi

2019

INNOCS Theranos Pharmco Sci

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Background: Zolmitriptan is an artificial tryptamine, employed for the acute cure of migraine attack with or exclusive of aura and cluster headaches. Objective: It is an attempt to develop the extended release (ER) of Zolmitriptan matrix (ZMT) tablets to treat migraine safely and effectively. Methods: All formulations were prepared with natural polymers or gums like guar gum, xanthan gum, karaya gum through direct compression method using 6mm punch. Results: Powder blend of all formulations (F1 - F12) using different ratios of the above mentioned gums (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) were characterized with pre-compression parameters (angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, hausner ratio, compatibility studies) and post-compression parameters (weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness, assay, in vitro dissolution studies). F1 - F4 formulations were prepared with gum karaya and compared with remaining gums; gum karaya shows more retardance capacity. F9 - F12 (with guar gum) formulations were unable to produce the desired release, whereas F5 - F8 formulations containing with xanthan gum exhibited more retarding effect with increasing concentration of polymer. Conclusion: All prepared formulations (F1 - F12) were characterized and F3 formulation was optimized (97.3% drug released in 8 hours). All prepared formulations (F1 - F12) showed good flow properties and release patterns. Hence, formulations of ZMT matrix tablets have a promising delivery system which will enhance bio-availability and achieve greater therapeutic efficacy.

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