Scintigraphy evaluation of hyperthyroidism and its correlation with clinical and biochemical profiles

Abstract

Objective Hyperthyroidism is the excessive synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thyroid uptake scans and ultrasonography provide an accurate diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, especially when thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) measurement is not readily available. This study explored the prevalence of various hyperthyroidism causes using retrospective scintigraphy results and evaluated their relationship with clinical, biochemical, and sonographic imaging parameters from patients who underwent 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scans between 2016 and 2019 in Taif, Saudi Arabia, where literature is insufficient. Furthermore, the inappropriate use of thyroid scanning in different thyroid diseases was evaluated. Results The study enrolled 207 patients (mean age: 42.5 ± 14.7 years). The mean free T4, T3, antithyroid peroxidase antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels were high. Graves’ disease was the most common diagnosis. Compared to toxic solitary/multinodular goiter, patients with Graves’ disease were usually younger, used carbimazole during both the uptake and the scan, had an enlarged thyroid gland, and had higher FT4 and FT3 levels. Inappropriate thyroid uptake and scan use was reported in approximately 10% of patients, and 25% of the patients used carbimazole during the uptake and scan. Thus, better patient education is needed to avoid misinterpreting the scan results.

Complementary Role of Thyroid Scintigraphy, Neck Ultrasonography and Biochemical Assay to Delineate Thyroid Disease Pattern in Southern Part of Dhaka

“…Thyrotoxicosis is a frequent reason for referring patients to nuclear medicine centers for radio-iodine therapy, while Grave's disease and toxic nodular goiter are the two most common pathologies causing thyrotoxicosis (1). All of our subjects with a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland had ultrasound findings consistent with either of these two disorders.…”

“…Most of the studies observed a correlation between these investigations and the background of diagnosed pathology, e.g., Grave's disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid malignancy, etc. (1,2). The data we represent is the cross-sectional picture of a tertiary-level institute in southern Dhaka where multitudes of patients are referred in various stages of disease course with a view to not only confirming the diagnosis but also monitoring treatment response and follow-up.…”

Parameters of Intrathyroid Hemodynamics in Patients With Nodular Toxic Goiter

“…Using ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to detect nodular formations in the thyroid gland and suspect these neoplasms' malignant nature. However, for preoperative confirmation of the diagnosis of TNG, patients need a more specific instrumental method of diagnosis -scintigraphy [6].…”

“…Використання ультразвукової діагностики дає змогу виявити вузлові утворення в щитоподібній залозі та запідозрити злоякісний характер даних новоутворень. Однак, для доопераційного підтвердження діагнозу ВТЗ пацієнти потребують більш специфічного інструментального методу діагностикисцинтіграфії [6].…”

“…K. Ohtsubo and co-authors [4] established that the level of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids increases in the blood of animals that consume highcalorie food; however, the level of proteins, amylase and trypsin decreases, Von Diemen V. and co-authors [5] of a different opinion, namely, that against the background of the above-mentioned changes, the level of α-amylase increases. Some publications indicate that excessive nutrition leads to metabolic syndrome and the development of type 2 diabetes [6,7].…”