Scintillation Detector Timing Resolution; A Study by Ray Tracing Software

Weele, David N. ter; Schaart, Dennis R.; Dorenbos, P.

doi:10.1109/tns.2015.2460266

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The CRT of the DSR detector is also better than the value of ~160 ps FWHM previously obtained with thinner (10 mm) monolithic crystals based on Ca-codoped LSO:Ce, which in fact is a significantly faster scintillator than standard LYSO:Ce (Spurrier et al 2008, ter Weele et al 2015a. The improvement in the DSR detector is probably due to the smaller transit time spread of the scintillation photons inside the crystal, which on average undergo a smaller number of reflections before they are detected (ter Weele et al 2015b(ter Weele et al , 2015c. Also the increased number of timestamps acquired may contribute to the CRT improvement (Seifert et al 2012b).…”

Section: Time Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A 32 mm × 32 mm × 22 mm monolithic LYSO:Ce detector with dual-sided digital photon counter readout for ultrahigh-performance TOF-PET and TOF-PET/MRI

et al. 2016

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New applications for positron emission tomography (PET) and combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are currently emerging, for example in the fields of neurological, breast, and pediatric imaging. Such applications require improved image quality, reduced dose, shorter scanning times, and more precise quantification. This can be achieved by means of dedicated scanners based on ultrahigh-performance detectors, which should provide excellent spatial resolution, precise depth-of-interaction (DOI) estimation, outstanding time-of-flight (TOF) capability, and high detection efficiency. Here, we introduce such an ultrahigh-performance TOF/DOI PET detector, based on a 32 mm × 32 mm × 22 mm monolithic LYSO:Ce crystal. The 32 mm × 32 mm front and back faces of the crystal are coupled to a digital photon counter (DPC) array, in so-called dual-sided readout (DSR) configuration. The fully digital detector offers a spatial resolution of ~1.1 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM)/~1.2 mm mean absolute error, together with a DOI resolution of ~2.4 mm FWHM, an energy resolution of 10.2% FWHM, and a coincidence resolving time of 147 ps FWHM. The time resolution closely approaches the best results (135 ps FWHM) obtained to date with small crystals made from the same material coupled to the same DPC arrays, illustrating the excellent correction for optical and electronic transit time spreads that can be achieved in monolithic scintillators using maximum-likelihood techniques for estimating the time of interaction. The performance barely degrades for events with missing data (up to 6 out of 32 DPC dies missing), permitting the use of almost all events registered under realistic acquisition conditions. Moreover, the calibration procedures and computational methods used for position and time estimation follow recently made improvements that make them fast and practical, opening up realistic perspectives for using DSR monolithic scintillator detectors in TOF-PET and TOF-PET/MRI systems.

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Section: Time Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A 32 mm × 32 mm × 22 mm monolithic LYSO:Ce detector with dual-sided digital photon counter readout for ultrahigh-performance TOF-PET and TOF-PET/MRI

et al. 2016

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“…Given that, we wanted to study and compare the timing performance obtained due to different acquisition systems. However, it is important to mention that these timing resolutions would be degraded in a PET-ToF scanner with longer crystals due to light absorption and time dispersion in larger crystals [13,14]. The increase of the crystal cross-section also leads to deterioration in the timing performance [8].…”

Section: Jinst 12 P04016mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the time performance between NINO and FlexToT ASICs

et al. 2017

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Universitat de Barcelona (UB) and CIEMAT have designed the FlexToT ASIC for the front-end readout of SiPM-based scintillator detectors. This ASIC is aimed at time of flight (ToF) positron emission tomography (PET) applications. In this work we have evaluated the time performance of the FlexToT v2 ASIC compared to the NINO ASIC, a fast ASIC developped at CERN. NINO electronics give 64 ps sigma for single-photon time resolution (SPTR) and 93 ps FWHM for coincidence time resolution (CTR) with 2 × 2 × 5 mm3 LSO:Ce,Ca crystals and S13360-3050CS SiPMs. Using the same SiPMs and crystals, the FlexToT v2 ASIC yields 91 ps sigma for SPTR and 123 ps FWHM for CTR. Despite worse time performace than NINO, FlexToT v2 features lower power consumption (11 vs. 27 mW/ch) and linear ToT energy measurement.

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“…Among them, the GEANT4 and GATE (Agostinelli et al 2003, Jan et al 2004 toolkits for particle transport are widely used. Although the main applications are in high energy, nuclear and accelerator applications, some investigators have used GEANT4 for the modelling of light transport in radiation detectors (Meo et al 2009, Bobin et al 2010, van der Laan et al 2010, Hirano et al 2012, Ghadiri and Khorsandi 2015, Ranjbar 2015, Bobin et al 2016, Játékos et al 2016. GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) focuses more on nuclear imaging and radiotherapy with a scripted user interface.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the transport of optical photons in scintillation detectors for diagnostic and radiotherapy imaging

2017

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Computational modelling of radiation transport can enhance the understanding of the relative importance of individual processes involved in imaging systems. Modelling is a powerful tool for improving detector designs in ways that are impractical or impossible to achieve through experimental measurements. Modelling of light transport in scintillation detectors used in radiology and radiotherapy imaging that rely on the detection of visible light plays an increasingly important role in detector design. Historically, researchers have invested heavily in modelling the transport of ionizing radiation while light transport is often ignored or coarsely modelled. Due to the complexity of existing light transport simulation tools and the breadth of custom codes developed by users, light transport studies are seldom fully exploited and have not reached their full potential. This topical review aims at providing an overview of the methods employed in freely available and other described optical Monte Carlo packages and analytical models and discussing their respective advantages and limitations. In particular, applications of optical transport modelling in nuclear medicine, diagnostic and radiotherapy imaging are described. A discussion on the evolution of these modelling tools into future developments and applications is presented.

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Scintillation Detector Timing Resolution; A Study by Ray Tracing Software

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

A 32 mm × 32 mm × 22 mm monolithic LYSO:Ce detector with dual-sided digital photon counter readout for ultrahigh-performance TOF-PET and TOF-PET/MRI

A 32 mm × 32 mm × 22 mm monolithic LYSO:Ce detector with dual-sided digital photon counter readout for ultrahigh-performance TOF-PET and TOF-PET/MRI

A comparative study of the time performance between NINO and FlexToT ASICs

Modelling the transport of optical photons in scintillation detectors for diagnostic and radiotherapy imaging

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