Scoregram: Displaying Gross Timbre Information from a Score

Segnini, Rodrigo; Sapp, Craig

doi:10.1007/11751069_5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the abstract idea of visualizing hierarchical structures remains applicable because it is independent of the tonal content of a piece. In fact, the hierarchical representation of keyscapes can also be used for other applications, such as the study of timbre, tempo variations in different performances of the same piece, and melodic similarity (Park et al, 2019;Sapp, 2007;Segnini & Sapp, 2005).…”

Section: Visual Hierarchical Music Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavescapes: A visual hierarchical analysis of tonality using the discrete Fourier transform

et al. 2022

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Many structural aspects of music, such as tonality, can be expressed using hierarchical representations. In music analysis, so-called keyscapes can be used to map a key estimate (e.g., C major, F minor) to each subsection of a piece of music, thus providing an intuitive visual representation of its tonality, in particular of the hierarchical organization of local and global keys. However, that approach is limited in that the mapping relies on assumptions that are specific to common-practice tonality, such as the existence of 24 major and minor keys. This limitation can be circumvented by applying the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to the tonal space. The DFT does not rely on style-specific theoretical assumptions but only presupposes an encoding of the music as pitch classes in 12-tone equal temperament. We introduce wavescapes, a novel visualization method for tonal hierarchies that combines the visual representation of keyscapes with music analysis based on the DFT. Since wavescapes produce visual analyses deterministically, a number of potential subjective biases are removed. By concentrating on one or more Fourier coefficients, the role of the analyst is thus focused on the interpretation and contextualization of the results. We illustrate the usefulness of this method for computational music theory by analyzing eight compositions from different historical epochs and composers (Josquin, Bach, Liszt, Chopin, Scriabin, Webern, Coltrane, Ligeti) in terms of the phase and magnitude of several Fourier coefficients. We also provide a Python library that allows such visualizations to be easily generated for any piece of music for which a symbolic score or audio recording is available.

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Section: Visual Hierarchical Music Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavescapes: A visual hierarchical analysis of tonality using the discrete Fourier transform

et al. 2022

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“…The scape plotting method was designed by Craig Sapp for structural analysis of harmony in musical scores (Sapp 2001). It has also been applied to timbral analysis (Segnini and Sapp 2006) and for visualization of the tonal content of polyphonic audio signals (Gómez and Bonada 2005). The scape plots were used to present similarities between tempo and loudness features extracted from recordings of the same musical composition (Sapp 2007(Sapp , 2008.…”

Section: Scape Plotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musical performance analysis in terms of emotions it evokes

Grekow

2018

J Intell Inf Syst

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Finding pieces with a similar emotional distribution throughout the same composition was the aim of this work. A comparative analysis of musical performances by using emotion tracking was proposed. A dimensional approach of dynamic music emotion recognition was used in the analysis. Music data annotation and regressor training were done. Values of arousal and valence, predicted by regressors, were used to compare performances. The obtained results confirm the validity of the assumption that tracking and analyzing the values of arousal and valence over time in different performances of the same composition can be used to indicate their similarities. Detailed results of analyzing different performances of Prelude No.1 by Frédéric Chopin were presented. They enabled to find the most similar performances to the performance by Arthur Rubinstein, for example. The author found which performances of the same composition were closer to each other and which were quite distant in terms of the shaping of arousal and valence over time. The presented method gives access to knowledge on the shaping of emotions by a performer, which had previously been available only to music professionals.

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“…For example, ambiguity and clarity measurements derived from computational keyanalysis algorithms can be used [Sapp 2001]. And the basic plotting domain from the keyscape pictures has been used to analyze musical features other than the keys [Segnini 2005] …”

Section: Key Analysis Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual hierarchical key analysis

Sapp

2005

Comput. Entertain.

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________________________________________________________________________________Tonal music is often conceived of as progressing through a sequence of key regions, usually starting and ending in the tonic key, with a journey away from the tonic key somewhere in the middle of the piece. This article presents a visual method of displaying the musical key structure of a composition in a single picture. The hierarchical plots can also show the relative strength of these key regions and how they develop out of the chordal substrate of the music.

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Scoregram: Displaying Gross Timbre Information from a Score

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Wavescapes: A visual hierarchical analysis of tonality using the discrete Fourier transform

Wavescapes: A visual hierarchical analysis of tonality using the discrete Fourier transform

Musical performance analysis in terms of emotions it evokes

Visual hierarchical key analysis

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