Energy‐Dissipative and Soften Resistant Hydrogels Based on Chitosan Physical Network: From Construction to Application

Abstract

In spite of biological tissue-like peculiarity, multifarious functionalities and great application prospect, the low mechanics and soften behavior of hydrogels still retain a problem to be addressed for repetitive weight-bearing fields of flexible electronics, actuators, substitutions of soft tissues, wound dressing, wearable or implantable devices. Due to the distinct combination of diversity, reversibility and impressive disruption-reconstruction capacity, the chitosan physical cross-links can server as recoverable "sacrificial bonds" to construct multifarious energy-dissipative and anti-soften hydrogels and further broaden their diversified applications. In this review, we summarized the gelation mechanisms of chitosan physical networks and highlighted the chitosan physical network based hydrogels in rational design, construction principle, and structure and performance regulation. The recent progress in functional hydrogels for flexible electronics and biomaterials was systematically discussed. Overall, the review will provide comprehensive guidelines on the design principle, performance modulation and functionality construction of energy-dissipative and soften resistant hydrogels.

A Highly Mechanical, Conductive, and Cryophylactic Double Network Hydrogel for Flexible and Low-Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors

“…In addition, the fracture strain of the DN hydrogel was 537%, as shown in Figure 2I. As reported, when the physicochemical DN hydrogel was deformed, its physical bonds broke and dissipated energy to protect the chemical bonds [32,33]. At the first stage of elongation, the dynamic physical interactions (CO2LFe III and hydrogen bond) together The detailed mechanical properties were measured by compression and tensile tests.…”

Self-powered wearable sensing devices based on a flexible ammonium-ion battery with fatigue resistance and frost resistance based on a strong and tough hydrogel

“…8,9 Ionic conductive hydrogels contain three-dimensional crosslinked polymer networks, sufficient water and conductive ions. Compared with other conductive materials, ionic conductive hydrogels possess good flexibility, fast ion transport and easy preparation, [10][11][12][13][14] and are promising candidates for preparing a flexible self-powered sensing system. Huang et al prepared self-powered integrated sensing devices containing poly(vinyl alcohol)/ploy(acrylic amide-acrylic acid)/glycerol/NaCl hydrogel electrolytes and multiwalled carbon nanotube-based all-solid-state supercapacitors, and these sensing devices had the ability to monitor human motions.…”

Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Poly(L‐glutamic acid) Hybrid Hydrogels for Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing†

“…[ 1,3‐6 ] To meet unmet requirement, polymeric hydrogels have been intensively investigated as wound dressings due to their physicochemical properties and three‐dimensional porous structures to mimic extracellular matrix. [ 7‐8 ] For instance, researchers fabricated various hydrogels containing growth factors, [ 9‐10 ] exosomes, [ 11‐12 ] curcumin, [ 13 ] and nano‐enzymes [ 14‐16 ] to accelerate wound healing by promoting the fibroblasts proliferation, regulating macrophage polarization, and scavenging ROS or releasing O 2 . [ 2‐3,5,17‐18 ] Despite the progresses on functional hydrogels, constructing biocompatible and easy‐to‐use hydrogels with high performance prohealing ability is still needed for potential clinical applications.…”