<scp>N</scp>europrotective and <scp>A</scp>meliorating <scp>I</scp>mpacts of <scp>O</scp>mega‐3 <scp>A</scp>gainst <scp>A</scp>spartame‐induced <scp>N</scp>euronal and <scp>A</scp>strocytic <scp>D</scp>egeneration

Ali, Eyad M.T.; Sonpol, Hany M A

doi:10.1002/ar.23536

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Thus, by increasing astrocyte abundance via ω3 PUFAs administration, neuroprotection of the eye may be established. A similar effect was recently demonstrated by treating anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of male albino rats with ω3 PUFAs plus aspartame; rats treated with aspartame alone showed a higher rate of cell death and fewer GFAP-positive astrocytes 69. In addition, Zgórzyńska et al showed that the incubation of rat primary astrocytes with DHA and EPA improves the antioxidant defense in astrocytes via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism, determined by the ratio of DHA to EPA incorporated into membrane phospholipids 70.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice

Prokopiou

Kolovos²,

Georgiou³

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Ophth

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids in the retina of aged mice when the blood arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio is maintained between 1.0 and 1.5.Methods and analysisAged (24-month-old) wild-type C57BL/6J mice were allocated to two groups: ω3 treated and untreated. Treatment with ω3 was by daily gavage administration of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid for 60 days. Gas chromatography was used to identify and quantify fatty acids in the blood and retina. To count lipofuscin granules and measure the photoreceptor layer, eyecups were examined histologically using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. We also analysed eyecups using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.ResultsAA levels were lower, and EPA levels were higher, in the blood and retinas of the ω3-treated group than in the untreated group, resulting in a lower AA/EPA ratio. The ω3-treated group also showed significantly fewer lipofuscin granules and a thicker outer nuclear layer than the untreated group. Proteomic analysis revealed significantly greater expression of myelin basic protein, myelin regulatory factor-like protein, myelin proteolipid protein and glial fibrillar acidic protein in the ω3-treated group than in the untreated group. Three different pathways were significantly affected by ω3 treatment: fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and metabolic pathways.ConclusionTwo months of ω3 supplementation (when the blood AA/EPA~1.0–1.5) in aged mice reduced lipofuscin granule formation in the retina and protected the photoreceptor layer, suggesting that ω3 supplementation slows normal age-related retinal degeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice

Prokopiou

Kolovos²,

Georgiou³

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Ophth

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“…The failure of the antioxidant mechanisms led to accumulation of free radicals and uncompensated oxidative stress with subsequent accumulation of denatured proteins and dark staining of the degenerated cells. Some authors agreed with this explanation [25,19] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The possible neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin on monosodium glutamate and aspartame induced hippocampal changes in albino rats: (Histological and immuno-histochemical study)

Fotouh

Sayed

Altayeb

et al. 2020

Egyptian Journal of Histology

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Background: Food additives are substances added to food to improve its safety, freshness, taste, texture, or appearance. They include aroma enhancer eg : monosodium glutamate(MSG) or sweetener eg.: aspartame (ASP). Aim of the Study: This current study was performed to study the microscopic alterations induced by MSG, ASP individually and in combination and the possible protective effect of astaxanthin (AST) on those induced changes. Materials and Methods: Forty nine adult male albino rats were used in this study divided into; control group (fourteen rats) two rats for each experimental group and experimental group (thirty five rats) subdivided into seven subgroups:ASP group, MSG group, ASP andMSG group,AST group,ASP andAST group, MSG andAST group, ASPandMSG andAST group. Oral administration was done in the morning daily for 6 weeks for all groups. When the duration of the study ended, blood samples were collected from rat tail and paraffin sections were prepared from the cerebral hemisphere of each animal. They were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical stain for Caspase3 and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Statistical analysis were done for assessment of body weight, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level. Results: The groups that received ASP (I), MSG (II) individually or in combination (III) exhibited shrunken cells with darkly stained nuclei and surrounded with pericellular haloes and some areas even revealed loss of the cells with increase in immunoreactivity for GFAP and Caspase 3. These groups also showed elevation in the level of TNFα and decrease in the level of GSH. On treatment with AST groups V, VI and VII showed reduced pycknosis, decreased immunoreactivity for GFAP and Caspase 3. It also showed reduction in the level of TNFα and increased level of GSH. Conclusion: ASP and MSG individually or in combination induce alternation in hippocampus and AST administration ameliorate those changes

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“…Although studies of sucralose [22,28] and aspartame [11][12][13]29] reflect potential health risks, these sweeteners are most consumed by Estonian fitness athletes. The situation is similar in Ireland [30] and Italy [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estonian Female Fitness Athletes Sweeteners Consumption Sweeteners in Fitness

Tamm¹,

Mootse

Parm

2020

BJSTR

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Background:In fitness the proportional development and toned state of body is evaluated. Fitness athletes monitor balance of macronutrients and calories in their diet, so the usage of low-calorie sweeteners and products sweetened with artificial sweeteners is rising. It is recommended to treat sweeteners with caution. The aim of study was to identify sweeteners consumption habits of 35 Estonian female competing fitness athletes.Methods: A questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, or Exact test where applied for comparison of studied groups (p<0.05).Results: Approximately⅔ of participants consume sweeteners (stevia 73.1% of participants, sucralose 69.2%, aspartame 50%) and sweetened products (bars, BCAAs, puddings, protein powders and flavour drops) on a daily basis and on average 2-3 times per day. Sweetener-users compared to non-users (p=0.015) find sweeteners healthier than sugar; consume as an alternative to table sugar due to their low calorific value (88.5%) and for suppressing sugar craving (80.8%) more during competition period. Although participants are aware of health risks associated with sweeteners, they still believe that they are safe in reasonable amounts. Conclusion:In conclusion, sweeteners are popular alternative among Estonian female fitness athletes.

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Neuroprotective and Ameliorating Impacts of Omega‐3 Against Aspartame‐induced Neuronal and Astrocytic Degeneration

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice

The possible neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin on monosodium glutamate and aspartame induced hippocampal changes in albino rats: (Histological and immuno-histochemical study)

Estonian Female Fitness Athletes Sweeteners Consumption Sweeteners in Fitness

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