Screening and diagnostic tools for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.

Canadian surveillance study of complex regional pain syndrome in children

“…Although the Budapest Criteria are used clinically, validation in pediatric CRPS populations is required. 25 Children may present with fewer signs and symptoms than adults and diagnosis of pediatric CRPS solely on Budapest Criteria may be inadequate. 11 Some studies suggest CRPS may be milder in children, and the diagnostic threshold should be lowered.…”

“…Further research is needed to determine if modification of diagnostic criteria for children and youth may be warranted (eg, 2 symptoms and 2 signs) or if a diagnostic screening tool might support clinical decision-making. 25 Some ambiguities related to the Budapest Criteria (eg, spreading) have been clarified recently, and categorization of cases as CRPS unspecified may be considered when no better explanation of features is available. 13 Diagnostic tools that support symptom reporting (child self-report and parent-proxy report) and further clarification of CRPS taxonomy (eg, recurrence, relapse, and remission) would be helpful.…”

“… 14 However, a recent review demonstrates variability with sensitivity is 0.45 to 0.99 and specificity is 0.68 to 0.85 in adult populations. 25 Specificity may be lower in pediatric CRPS. 11…”

Epidural unilateral stimulation with “adaptive stim” option in treatment of type II CRPS

“…1,2 There are four diagnostic tools for CRPS in adult populations (Veldman criteria, IASP criteria, Budapest Criteria, and Budapest Research Criteria). 3,4 The complex treatment of CRPS includes pharmacotherapy, nerve blocks, physical and psychological measures, and rTMS. 1,5 Despite the ongoing therapy, sometimes, patients still have persistent, burning pain.…”

Epidural unilateral stimulation with “Adaptive Stim” option in treatment of type II CRPS

“…These include the Veldman criteria, IASP criteria, Budapest Criteria, and Budapest Research Criteria. 3,4 The complex treatment of CRPS includes pharmacotherapy, nerve blocks, physical and psychological measures, and rTMS. 1,5 Despite the ongoing therapy, sometimes patients still have persistent, burning pain.…”