Screening for anabolic steroids in doping analysis by liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry

Abstract

A fast and selective LC/MS/MS method for the screening of four anabolic steroids in human urine has been developed and validated. Liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether was applied after enzymatic hydrolysis. Analyses were performed on an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionisation. MS/MS was applied for all compounds. The analytical run time was 11 min. The LOD for all compounds varied between 1 and 10 ng/mL. Left-over A samples, which were declared positive by GC/MS for the presence of 3'-hydroxystanozolol, were assessed using the described method.

Determination of anabolic steroids in human urine by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…The in-tube SPME method was 20-33-fold more sensitive than the direct injection method (10 L injection), because these compounds were concentrated in the capillary column during draw/eject cycles. Sensitivity of this method was above 10 times higher than that of the LC-MS-MS method reported previously [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The calibration curves for anabolic steroids were constructed from the peak height counts.…”

“…Testing for anabolic steroids in urine samples is mainly carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Although the GC-MS methods are robust and sensitive, they always require a laborious derivatization step and therefore sample throughput is quite low with long turn-around times.…”

Determination of anabolic steroids in bovine urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…Also, different techniques have been developed for the determination of anabolic steroids in biological samples. As such high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [3][4][5][6], gas chromatography (GC), GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] GC-high resolution MS [16], GC-MS/MS (mostly on ion traps see [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]) and LC coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have all been utilized [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Gas chromatography/chemical ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of anabolic steroids: ionization and collision‐induced dissociation behavior

“…Nowadays, analyses for the detection of AAS are based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS(MS)) or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/(MS)) . GC/MS/MS methods are becoming increasingly popular due to a substantial improvement in selectivity and sensitivity .…”