Screening for Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescents in the War-Affected Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Mels, Cindy; Derluyn, Ilse; Broekaert, Eric; Rosseel, Yves

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.56

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Amongst Congolese children, greater than 50% meet the symptom criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) [46] , while in responders of an Afghanistan survey greater than 20% met criteria for PTSD [47] . Depression has been observed in about a quarter of Brazilian women infected with the HIV [48] .…”

Section: Psychosocial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease: A global problem extending into the developing world

Aje

Miller²

2009

WJC

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This article reviews the current status of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the international scale. Presently viewed as an epidemic that has migrated from westernized societies to developing countries, several important issues are elaborated upon. They include the basis for the increasing prevalence of CVD and the associated societal implications. The challenges related to lack of resources and infrastructure support may also impede successful implementation of proven strategies to reduce CVD. In addition to traditional risk factors such as cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, many developing countries must also contend with other risk biomarkers. Included in this grouping are human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other infectious/inflammatory processes as well as nutritional and vitamin deficiencies that make preventive measures more difficult to prioritize. Taken together, greater partnering between local governments, affiliated hospitals and international societies is needed to enhance and facilitate efforts aimed at optimizing standard of care measures in developing countries in order to reduce cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Psychosocial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease: A global problem extending into the developing world

Aje

Miller²

2009

WJC

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“…En cuanto a las características de la exposición violenta, se destaca la importancia de la acumulación de eventos violentos experimentados, lo cual muestra una relación positiva con la cantidad y severidad de problemas psicológicos reportados (Lambert et al, 2005;Mels, Derluyn, Broekaert y Rosseel, 2009). Por otro lado, se ha investigado la medida en que los dos grandes tipos de exposición -la directa como víctima y la indirecta como testigo-generan efectos diferenciales en la salud mental.…”

Section: Revista De Psicologíaunclassified

Violencia comunitaria en adolescentes desfavorecidos: exposición, impacto percibido y consecuencias psicológicas

Mels

Fernández

2015

RevPsicología

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Resumen: La violencia comunitaria forma parte de la vida cotidiana de cada vez más niños y jóvenes, particularmente en las grandes ciudades. La exposición a este tipo de violencia ha sido asociada con el desarrollo de varios problemas conductuales y emocionales, tales como conductas agresivas y delincuentes, ansiedad y depresión. Este estudio pretende explorar la exposición de adolescentes uruguayos en situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica a la violencia comunitaria y su impacto percibido, e investigar su relación con problemas internalizantes y externalizantes reportados por ellos. Se consiguió una muestra de 101 adolescentes de 13 a 18 años en la ciudad de Montevideo, pertenecientes a tres centros socioeducativos seleccionados deliberadamente y por conglomerado. Se administró el Hopkins Symptom Checklist para adolescentes, la Escala de Violencia Comunitaria y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se encontró que el 84,2% de la muestra había sido expuesto a la violencia comunitaria. El impacto percibido de la violencia apareció como predictor de problemas internalizantes, junto a la variable edad. Los resultados sugieren que diferentes mecanismos explican los distintos tipos de problemas psicológicos investigados. Se discuten las implicaciones para la intervención y la prevención.Abstract: Community violence increasingly forms part of the daily lives of children and youth, particularly in large cities. Exposure to this type of violence has been associated with the development of various behavioral and emotional problems, such as aggressive and delinquent behaviors, anxiety and depression. This study aims to explore the exposure of socioeconomically vulnerable Uruguayan adolescents to community violence and its perceived impact, and investigate its relationship with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. We obtained a sample of 101 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, residing in the city of Montevideo, attending to 3 socio-educational centers purposefully selected and clustered. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist for adolescents, a scale for community violence and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered. We found that 84.2% of our sample had been exposed to community violence. The perceived impact of exposure appeared as a predictor of psychological problems, together with the variable age. The results suggest that several mechanisms explain the different kinds of psychological problems investigated. Implications for intervention and prevention were discussed.Palabras clave: adolescencia, trauma, salud mental, pobreza, violencia comunitaria.

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“…This held true for both PTSD and partial-symptom PTSD. Mels et al [4] also examined exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD prevalence rates in a sample of secondary school students in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In their study, 95% had been exposed to at least one potentially traumatic event and 52.2% met symptom criteria for PTSD.…”

Section: Victimization and Ptsd In Ugandan Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization and PTSD in Ugandan Youth

Mandrup

Elklit²

2014

OJEpi

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Background: Little is known about post-traumatic stress (PTSD) prevalence rates in community samples. This is especially true for the African continent where child-soldiers, HIV/AIDS affected and orphans have been the target for PTSD prevalence studies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the indirect and direct exposure to 20 potentially traumatic events and its relation with PTSD in a Ugandan sample of senior 3 rd year students and to perform cross-cultural comparisons with previous studies examining this age group. Socio-economic status, coping styles, negative affect, and somatization are further examined. Method: A convenience sample of 408 senior secondary school students, from eight schools, across three major towns, Kampala, Mbarara, and Jinja, were selected. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was used to establish PTSD prevalence rates, The Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ) was used to assess coping styles, and the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC) were used to measure negative affect and somatization. Results: The subjects had been exposed to a mean of 6.6 direct events and a mean of 7.2 indirect events. The estimated prevalence rate of PTSD was 37.7% and a further 28.2% reached a subclinical level, missing one symptom to have the full diagnosis. Variables related to a PTSD diagnosis were female gender, number of directly experienced events, emotional coping, negative affect, and somatization. Conclusions: Ugandan youth have been exposed to significantly more potentially traumatic events and negative life events than European youth, and subsequently PTSD prevalence rates are higher. In addition, fewer gender differences are found in the Ugandan sample compared to the European samples.

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Screening for Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescents in the War-Affected Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Cardiovascular disease: A global problem extending into the developing world

Cardiovascular disease: A global problem extending into the developing world

Violencia comunitaria en adolescentes desfavorecidos: exposición, impacto percibido y consecuencias psicológicas

Victimization and PTSD in Ugandan Youth

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