Screening for Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Cancer

Cameron, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/j.suc.2015.05.005

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… 6 However, approximately 30% of HCC patients maintain normal AFP levels, and some HCC patients also have relatively low levels of AFP. 7 To overcome these problems, several imaging techniques are used to diagnose patients with suspected HCC, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and angiography.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Metabolic Imaging In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Metabolism as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Lee

Yun

2018

Yonsei Med J

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Various molecular targeted therapies and diagnostic modalities have been developed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, HCC still remains a difficult malignancy to cure. Recently, the focus has shifted to cancer metabolism for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers, including HCC. In addition to conventional diagnostics, the measurement of enhanced tumor cell metabolism using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for increased glycolysis or C-11 acetate for fatty acid synthesis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is well established for clinical management of HCC. Unlike tumors displaying the Warburg effect, HCCs vary substantially in terms of 18F-FDG uptake, which considerably reduces the sensitivity for tumor detection. Accordingly, C-11 acetate has been proposed as a complementary radiotracer for detecting tumors that are not identified by 18F-FDG. In addition to HCC diagnosis, since the degree of 18F-FDG uptake converted to standardized uptake value (SUV) correlates well with tumor aggressiveness, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans can predict patient outcomes such as treatment response and survival with an inverse relationship between SUV and survival. The loss of tumor suppressor genes or activation of oncogenes plays an important role in promoting HCC development, and might be involved in the “metabolic reprogramming” of cancer cells. Mutations in various genes such as TERT, CTNNB1, TP53, and Axin1 are responsible for the development of HCC. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cancer metabolism are deregulated in HCC, indicating that the modulation of genes/miRNAs might affect HCC growth or metastasis. In this review, we will discuss cancer metabolism as a mechanism for treatment resistance, as well as an attractive potential therapeutic target in HCC.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Metabolic Imaging In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Metabolism as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Lee

Yun

2018

Yonsei Med J

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in the liver following long-term infection with the hepatitis B or C virus (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oct3/4 is potentially useful for the suppression of the proliferation and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

et al. 2018

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are immature compared with healthy mature hepatocytes. Transcription factors serve a role in hepatocyte differentiation. The expression levels of transcription factors in HCC cell lines have been investigated to determine potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, the HLE, HLF, PLC/PRF/5, Huh-7, Hep3B, Huh-6 and HepG2 HCC cell lines were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of transcription factors, including NANOG, Oct3/4, GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), GATA6 and hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX). In addition, these cell lines were analyzed using RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of NANOG and Oct3/4. The 201B7 human induced pluripotent stem cells were evaluated as a model of pluripotent cells. The HLF cells were transfected with Oct3/4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and used in an MTS colorimetric assay and a scratch assay. NANOG was not expressed in any of the cell lines. However, GATA4, GATA6 and HHEX were expressed in the majority of the HCC cell lines. In addition, NANOG and Oct3/4 were expressed in 201B7 cells. Oct3/4 was expressed in HLE, HLF and Hep3B cells; however, its expression levels were significantly reduced compared with those in 201B7 cells. RT-qPCR demonstrated that the expression of Oct3/4 siRNA suppressed the proliferation and motility of HLF cells. Oct3/4 siRNA may be a potentially effective therapy for the suppression of the proliferation and motility of HCC cells.

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“…The liver is a common site of primary cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), as well as of metastatic cancer (1). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can form in the kidney, while malignant lymphoma develops in the lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of DWIBS/T2 image fusion and PET/CT for the diagnosis of cancer in the abdominal cavity

Tomizawa

Shinozaki

Uchida

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Fusion images of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression and T2-weighted image (DWIBS/T2) demonstrate a strong signal for malignancies, with a high contrast against the surrounding tissues, and enable anatomical analysis. In the present study, DWIBS/T2 was compared with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for diagnosing cancer in the abdomen. Patient records, including imaging results of examination conducted between November 2012 and May 2014, were analyzed retrospectively. In total, 10 men (age, 73.6±9.6 years) and 8 women (age, 68.9±7.1 years) were enrolled into the current study. Of the enrolled patients, 2 were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 with cholangiocellular carcinoma, 1 with liver metastasis, 2 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 1 with renal cell carcinoma and 1 with malignant lymphoma. Benign lesions were also analyzed, including adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder (5 patients), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (4 patients) and right adrenal adenoma (1 case). All the patients with cancer showed positive results on DWIBS/T2 images. However, only 7 out of 8 patients were positive with PET/CT. One patient with right renal cellular carcinoma was positive with DWIBS/T2, but negative with PET/CT. All the patients with benign lesions were negative with DWIBS/T2 and PET/CT. In conclusion, DWIBS/T2 was more sensitive in diagnosing cancer of organs in the abdominal cavity compared with PET/CT. Furthermore, negative results with DWIBS/T2 and PET/CT were useful for the diagnosis of benign lesions, such as adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

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Screening for Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Cancer Metabolism as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancer Metabolism as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Oct3/4 is potentially useful for the suppression of the proliferation and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Comparison of DWIBS/T2 image fusion and PET/CT for the diagnosis of cancer in the abdominal cavity

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