“…The literature review reveals a comprehensive understanding of the associated vulnerabilities and consequences of flooding events. Influencing factors include the force of floodwaters (Gokhale and Rahman, 2008;Hans Olav Heggen, 2014;Ferris et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2021;Bainbridge, 2023), soil erosion (Merz et al, 2007;Kreibich et al, 2009;Matthews and Matthews, 2013;Pistrika et al, 2014;Nofal & Van De Lindt, 2022;Rossi et al, 2022;Othman et al, 2023), and the intensity of floods/hurricanes (Bian et al, 2023;Rodell and Li, 2023). Techniques for assessing damage involve a combination of field inspections (Lai et al, 2017), remote sensing technologies (Forsyth et al, 2018), and data analysis (Taha et al, 2020a;Iqbal et al, 2021;Radovanović et al, 2022).…”