Screening of unapproved drugs using portable Raman spectroscopy

Tondepu, Chaitanya; Toth, Roxana; Navin, Chelliah V.; Lawson, Latevi S.; Rodriguez, Jason D.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.016

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The EZRaman-I (TSI) qualitatively confirmed the presence of the stated API in four finished drug products containing amoxicillin, acyclovir and doxycycline 24 with a Raman binary barcode method using a reference library containing Raman spectra of APIs. 25 On averaging the results of the per cent of the API claimed on the label of five tablets per sample, predictions by the EZRaman-I were within 3% of the HPLC results for three out of four products, and one product showed a value of 6.0% lower than those obtained by HPLC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Field detection devices for screening the quality of medicines: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPoor quality medicines have devastating consequences. A plethora of innovative portable devices to screen for poor quality medicines has become available, leading to hope that they could empower medicine inspectors and enhance surveillance. However, information comparing these new technologies is woefully scarce.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and SciFinder databases up to 30 April 2018. Scientific studies evaluating the performances/abilities of portable devices to assess any aspect of the quality of pharmaceutical products were included.ResultsForty-one devices, from small benchtop spectrometers to ‘lab-on-a-chip’ single-use devices, with prices ranging from US$20 000, were included. Only six devices had been field-tested (GPHF-Minilab, CD3/CD3+, TruScan RM, lateral flow dipstick immunoassay, CBEx and Speedy Breedy). The median (range) number of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) assessed per device was only 2 (1–20). The majority of devices showed promise to distinguish genuine from falsified medicines. Devices with the potential to assay API (semi)-quantitatively required consumables and were destructive (GPHF-Minilab, PharmaChk, aPADs, lateral flow immunoassay dipsticks, paper-based microfluidic strip and capillary electrophoresis), except for spectroscopic devices. However, the 10 spectroscopic devices tested for their abilities to quantitate APIs required processing complex API-specific calibration models. Scientific evidence of the ability of the devices to accurately test liquid, capsule or topical formulations, or to distinguish between chiral molecules, was limited. There was no comment on cost-effectiveness and little information on where in the pharmaceutical supply chain these devices could be best deployed.ConclusionAlthough a diverse range of portable field detection devices for medicines quality screening is available, there is a vitally important lack of independent evaluation of the majority of devices, particularly in field settings. Intensive research is needed in order to inform national medicines regulatory authorities of the optimal choice of device(s) to combat poor quality medicines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Field detection devices for screening the quality of medicines: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…Over the past decade, there have been numerous reports detailing the use of Raman spectroscopy to screen for drugs , and more recently a very few exploratory studies investigated the identification of NPS . The identification of NPS aimed at risk assessment and drug control poses a great analytical challenge, due to the wide number of NPS already identified, the presence of adulterants in them, or the presence of NPS themselves as adulterants added to traditional drugs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐site identification of psychoactive drugs by portable Raman spectroscopy during drug‐checking service in electronic music events

Gerace¹,

Seganti²,

Luciano³

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims. Hundreds of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have burst into the marketplace, making both the scientific community and people who use drugs lacking of adequate information about their diffusion and effects. In this scenario, drug-checking services have been recently proposed to assist harm reduction policies and provide a global description of the circulating drugs. Design and Methods. The results obtained by a portable Raman spectroscopy device on 472 alleged drugs within the first formal implementation of drug checking in Italy, are reported. The testing was made through a plastic bag held by the applicant and containing the alleged drug. The substance identification was executed by comparison with a spectral library. Results. Illicit substances were detected in 304 samples. Findings included MDMA (106 samples), ketamine (87 samples), cocaine (51 samples), amphetamine (47 samples), methamphetamine (two samples), heroin (two samples) and NPS (nine samples). Two samples were identified as precursors of psychoactive substances. Identification of a noncontrolled substance occurred in 38 samples. Output of inconclusive result was recorded from 128 samples tested on-site, from which the applicant allowed us to collect a small portion in 68 cases, for a delayed laboratory analysis by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS. Discussion and Conclusions. Drug checking by Raman spectroscopy proved effective to identify psychoactive drugs including NPS and track the drug distribution in various recreational settings. The field testing activity revealed the presence of several NPS in the nightlife scenario, often in replacement of traditional illicit drugs, thus posing a high overdose risk and a life-threatening situation. [Gerace E, Seganti F, Luciano C, Lombardo T, Di Corcia D, Teifel H, Vincenti M, Salomone A. On-site identification of psychoactive drugs by portable Raman spectroscopy during drug-checking service in electronic music events. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019;38:50-56]

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“…A considerable number of research articles and reviews have directed their attention to the potential of developing mobile and handheld devices based on various detection methods. Some of these include Raman [82][83][84][85][86][87], ultraviolet (UV) [88], visible [89], ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) [90][91][92], near-infrared (NIR) [93,94], Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [95,96], induced fluorescence [97][98][99], electrochemical detectors (ECDs), and X-ray fluorescence [100][101][102]. The vast majority of these methods can be adapted to detect and quantify eluting analytes in an LC instrument.…”

Section: The Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Portable High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: the Future of the Field?

et al. 2020

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There is a growing need for chemical analyses to be performed in the field, at the point of need. Tools and techniques often found in analytical chemistry laboratories are necessary in performing these analyses, yet have, historically, been unable to do so owing to their size, cost and complexity. Technical advances in miniaturisation and liquid chromatography are enabling the translation of these techniques out of the laboratory, and into the field. Here we examine the advances that are enabling portable liquid chromatography (LC). We explore the evolution of portable instrumentation from its inception to the most recent advances, highlighting the trends in the field and discussing the necessary criteria for developing in-field solutions. While instrumentation is becoming more capable it has yet to find adoption outside of research.

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Screening of unapproved drugs using portable Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Field detection devices for screening the quality of medicines: a systematic review

Field detection devices for screening the quality of medicines: a systematic review

On‐site identification of psychoactive drugs by portable Raman spectroscopy during drug‐checking service in electronic music events

A Review of Portable High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: the Future of the Field?

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