Scrub Typhus: Prevalence and Diagnostic Issues in Rural Southern India

Isaac, Rita; Varghese, George; Mathai, E; Manjula, J; Joseph, Inbakumar

doi:10.1086/424748

Cited by 129 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Weil-Felix test, the oldest assay, is based on the detection of antibodies to various Proteus antigens that cross-react with rickettsiae. Although it lacks specificity and sensitivity, it continues to be used in many developing countries and in countries with higher level of technical development (142). For example, the results of WeilFelix tests led F. Mahara to suspect a SFG rickettsiosis in Japan (183).…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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SUMMARY During most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. An element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. In this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. This concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identification of at least 11 additional rickettsial species or subspecies that cause tick-borne rickettsioses around the world. Of these agents, seven were initially isolated from ticks, often years or decades before a definitive association with human disease was established. We present here the tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 and focus on the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases.

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Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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“…Without early intervention, ST is known to cause serious complications and high morbidity; thus, awareness of this disease among physicians and availability of serological kits can contribute to the control of this rickettsiosis. A serological survey conducted in the 1970s revealed the prevalence of ST in few parts of India (1); however, outbreaks and cases of ST started to appear in several states during the last 10 years, some of which occurred in unanticipated areas (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). ST Of the 26 ST cases positive for IgM by ELISA, 9 were aged 21-30 years, 5 were aged 31-40 years, 7 were aged 41-50 years, 2 were aged 51-60 years, and 3 were aged 61 years or more.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scrub Typhus in South India: a Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

et al. 2013

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“…Although it lacks sensitivity and specificity, it may be used as first diagnostic step in diagnosis of rickettsial fevers. 3 Cross-reactivity among the pathogen antigens is a major limitation. 4 Positive titres for OX2, OX19 and OXK are suggestive of spotted fever group, typhus group and scrub typhus respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typh fevers: a combination of Typhoid and Typhus

Manappallil

2017

Asian J Med Sci

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Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, while typhus fever is a rickettsial infection. In both cases the patients present with almost similar pattern of illness and are often misdiagnosed. This is the case of a young lady who presented with 10 days history of fever and was diagnosed to have typhoid fever. She continued to be febrile despite ceftriaxone therapy. She was later found to have a typhus coinfection and improved with addition of doxycycline.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(6) 2017 40-41

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Scrub Typhus: Prevalence and Diagnostic Issues in Rural Southern India

Cited by 129 publications

References 5 publications

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

Scrub Typhus in South India: a Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

Typh fevers: a combination of Typhoid and Typhus

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