Sea Fishing at Salango (Manabí Province, Ecuador) During the Middle Formative Machalilla Phase

Béarez, Philippe; Lunniss, Richard

doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.2.195

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Circular rotating hooks are found in archaeological contexts in Australia (Attenbrow 2010), throughout Oceania (Anell 1955;Reinman 1967;Kirch 1985;Allen 1996; Burley Shutler 2007;Szabó 2007), in Japan (Fujita et al 2016), Arabia (Santini 1987), along the California coast and islands (Rick et al 2002), in the islands of Baja California, Mexico (Fujita 2014), Chile (Llagostera 1992) and Ecuador (Meggers & Evans 1962;Bearéz et al 2012) (see OSM, Figure S3). Santini (1987) comments on how similar the rotating hooks from burial RH-10 in the Qurum area of Oman are to those in the Indo-Pacific region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing in life and death: Pleistocene fish-hooks from a burial context on Alor Island, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing in life and death: Pleistocene fish-hooks from a burial context on Alor Island, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…While offshore navigation is attested for the Neolithic of the Arabian Peninsula in the Persian Gulf, with the occupation of islands 10 km from the coast and the presence of bitumen (Beech 2004;Beech et al 2016;Carter and Crawford 2010;, and in Oman with the occupation of Masirah Island (Charpentier et al 2013), it is not clear whether the fish assemblage reflects offshore fishery. Indeed, previous studies have shown that the presence of scombrids is not necessarily a sign of this activity (Anderson 2013;Béarez, Gay, Lunniss 2012).…”

Section: Fishing Patternsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inshore or offshore? The Neolithic fishermen of Ra’s al-Hamra (RH-6, RH-5, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman)

Marrast

Béarez

Badel

et al. 2021

The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology

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Ra's al-Hamra 6 (RH-6) and Ra's al-Hamra 5 (RH-5) are two of the most important Neolithic coastal sites in the Sultanate of Oman. Located in the capital Muscat, they have supplied an important corpus of fish bones and revealed a high taxonomic richness in the different assemblages. The results provided information on fishing practices that held an important role in the subsistence strategies of the inhabitants during the two millennia of occupation (6 th -4 th millennia BC). Pelagic species (jacks and kawakawa/tunas) were largely dominant throughout both occupations, calling into question the interpretation of inshore or offshore fishing; these fish could have been caught with a hook-and-line or by setting nets at a reasonable distance from the coast. However, the inhabitants also had to supplement this subsistence by catching demersal fish and small fish, caught from the cliff, in the estuary or the mangrove. At both sites, the inhabitants clearly exploited the different nearby inshore environments: coastal open water, reefs, estuary and mangrove. Moreover, the high fish richness (69 genera at RH-6; 35 genera at RH-5) indicates that both sites could have been occupied on a year-round basis.

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“…Los trabajos se concentrarán en yacimientos pluriestratificados como Salango (Fig. 2) (Norton, 1986;Béarez, Gay & Lunniss, 2012), y "El Azúcar", en la Península de Santa Elena (Reitz y Masucci, 2004), en los que se establece la estrecha relación de los manteños con el océano Pacífico, lo que les permitió ser un importante agente en el flujo comercial entre Centroamérica y Sudamérica de uno de los objetos de prestigio más demandados por las élites prehispánicas: el mullu o concha Spondylus (Jijón, 1997;Marcos, 1996Marcos, & 2005.…”

Section: La Cultura Manteña-huancavilca: Principales Elementos Caracterizadoresunclassified

“…Las investigaciones arqueológicas también están poniendo de manifiesto el crecimiento orgánico y la continuidad de algunos asentamientos, cuando menos desde el periodo Guangala (500 a.C.-600 d.C.), tal y como se observa, por ejemplo, en la superposición de fases en yacimientos como Japotó (Bouchard, 2010) o recientemente en Ligüiqui (Fabier et. al., 2019;Castro-Priego & Olmo-Enciso, 2019), que se unen a los datos aportados por Salango Béarez, Gay & Lunniss, 2012).…”

Section: La Cultura Manteña-huancavilca: Principales Elementos Caracterizadoresunclassified

“…These results will allow for comparisons between Cerros de Hojas-Jaboncillo and other known Manteño sites, such as Japotó (Bouchard, 2010), Agua Blanca (McEwan & Silva, 1992) and Ligüiqui. All of them suggest the continued occupation of the same areas, and the continuity of some sites at least between the Guangala period (500 BC.-600 AD) and the late Manteño period (12 th -15 th centuries), as seen in Salango and its territory (Béarez, Gay & Lunniss, 2012).…”

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Espacios agrarios, asentamientos prehispánicos y tecnología LiDAR en el área costera central del Ecuador

Priego

Olmo-Enciso

Labrada-Ochoa³

et al. 2021

Virtual archaeol. rev.

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The use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has revolutionised pre-Hispanic archaeology in large tracts of Central America (Canuto et. al. 2018; Fisher et al. 2016; Garrison et al. 2019; Chase & Weishampel, 2016). This contribution is particularly significant in areas in which jungles and a complex orography had precluded the implementation of large-scale landscape archaeology studies.Although this technology has not been used in South America as intensively as in Central America (Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, among others), LiDAR is beginning to be used to answer questions concerning the interaction between the landscape, pre-Hispanic societies and their economic exploitation strategies (Amazonia, Peru) (Van Valkenburg et al., 2020). This work analyses one of the most important archaeological areas in central Ecuador, Cerros de Hojas-Jaboncillo (Figs. 1 & 2), which has traditionally been identified as a major centre of the Manteña culture. This culture spanned the current provinces of Manabí, Santa Elena and Guayas between the 8th and 15th centuries AD.Although the site was discovered in the early 20th century (Saville, 1907 & 1910; Estrada, 1957) on the slopes and summits of the Chongón-Colonche and Balzar hills range (formerly called Sierra de Bálsamo), it has not been until recent moments that the characterization of its extension, its spatial conformation, as well as the main geoarchaeological characteristics of the site have begun to be possible (López, 2008; Delgado, 2009; Tobar, 2012; Lunniss, 2012; Veintimilla-Bustamante, 2012). The limitations of previous studies were largely due to the prevalence of thick sub-tropical forests, whose trees are sometimes 14 m tall.In 2016, a large-scale LiDAR flight covering 147.78 km² at a density of 9 ppm² has revealed the main features of the archaeological complex, including various sites that illustrate a multi-nuclear settlement pattern (Figs. 5, 8 & 10). The study suggests that settlements, between 0.5 and 3 ha in size (Fig. 8), followed a common pattern, standing on small long hilltop plateaus. The complexes were visually connected and were linked by a road network.There is little doubt that one of the most important discoveries concerns the relationship between archaeological sites and complex agrarian systems, which point to the exploitation of wide areas. These had irrigation systems that involved rainwater retention and water resources maximisation (Figs. 6 & 8). The system made intensive rainwater use during the humid season (December-May); it also took advantage of the coastal mists that ensure precipitations on the hilltops.At the same time, the LiDAR survey has established differences between the settlement pattern in the north-eastern sector, in which the interaction between settlements and the agro-system is not so obvious, and the south-western sector, whose settlements are clearly related to wide terraced systems.These results will allow for comparisons between Cerros de Hojas-Jaboncillo and other known Manteño sites, such as Japotó (Bouchard, 2010), Agua Blanca (McEwan & Silva, 1992) and Ligüiqui. All of them point to the continued occupation of the same areas, and the continuity of some sites at least between the Guangala period (500 BC.-600 AD) and the late Manteño period (12th-15th centuries), as seen in Salango and its territory (Béarez, Gay & Lunniss, 2012).Most research in the 20th century has argued for an increase in social complexity during the classic Manteño period (8th-11th centuries), following a diffusionist explanatory pattern (Estrada, 1957). However, the LiDAR analysis of the Cerros de Hojas-Jaboncillo site points to prolonged periods of stable management of the environment, a response to the need to make use of the available resources. Archaeology, through large-scale landscape studies and the in-depth characterisation of sites through wide-ranging sampling methodologies can contribute to answering the question as to whether environmental management led to the formation of a “Manteño state” or whether this society can be better defined as a chiefdom (Touchard-Houlbert, 2010).Highlights:<ul><li>The study focused on the LiDAR research of the Cerro de Hojas-Jaboncillo, the most important pre-Hispanic site in the Manabi province (Ecuador).</li><li>LiDAR technology has allowed users to identify an intense occupation in a forest area, where until now, it was impossible to detect archaeological structures.</li><li>The study has established the close relationship between the pre-Hispanic occupation model and the use of complex irrigation systems.</li></ul>

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Sea Fishing at Salango (Manabí Province, Ecuador) During the Middle Formative Machalilla Phase

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Fishing in life and death: Pleistocene fish-hooks from a burial context on Alor Island, Indonesia

Fishing in life and death: Pleistocene fish-hooks from a burial context on Alor Island, Indonesia

Inshore or offshore? The Neolithic fishermen of Ra’s al-Hamra (RH-6, RH-5, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman)

Espacios agrarios, asentamientos prehispánicos y tecnología LiDAR en el área costera central del Ecuador

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