Sea ice desalination under the force of gravity in low temperature environments

Gu, Wei; Lin, Yebin; Yu, Xu; Yuan, Shuai; Tao, Jun; Li, Lantao; Liu, Chengyu

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.03.017

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with the research conducted by Gu et al (2012) and Gu et al (2013), which performed many studies regarding sea ice in the Bohai Rim, China. The purpose of gravity-induced sea ice desalination is to obtain freshwater resources, but sublimation and evaporation may result in a loss of this freshwater resource when a large amount of the ice was exposed to the air and various other climatic conditions are presented.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…The region possesses only 2 % of the water resources in China, and the annual per capita water consumption is less than 350 m 3 ). In the search for new freshwater resources to solve the water stress situation, researchers have demonstrated through numerous studies, beginning in 1995, that sea ice can be treated as a new freshwater resource (Shi et al 2002;Li et al 2007Li et al , 2013Gu et al 2012Gu et al , 2013Yuan et al 2012). The desalination of sea ice will ease the freshwater resource deficiencies in the Bohai Rim (Lin et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Atmospheric parameters affecting sea ice losses in the context of gravity desalination

Chao

et al. 2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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Gravity desalination is an important method for obtaining fresh water from sea ice; however, the large amount of ice that is exposed to air for long periods of time sublimates and evaporates, which results in a reduction of the freshwater resource. This paper describes a study of sea ice sublimation and evaporation performed during the winter of 2013 at the western shore of Bohai Bay, China, to determine the relationship between the amount of sublimation and evaporation and the atmospheric parameters. Substantial amounts of the Bohai sea ice sublimated and evaporated, ranging from 15 to 35 % of the total. The sublimation and evaporation amount was significantly different between the day and night and was greater in the daytime because of the relative humidity difference. Sublimation and evaporation is primarily affected by atmospheric parameters, and the amount of sublimation and evaporation exhibits a good linear relationship with the relative humidity and the wind speed; a comprehensive parameters formula was determined for the Bohai Rim in China. A 10 % increase of daily relative humidity will reduce approximately 1.5kg/m 2 /day of the sublimation and evaporation, and the amount of sublimation and evaporation increases by 1.76 kg/m 2 /day when the daily wind speed increases by 1 m/ s. To reduce the sublimation and evaporation and maximize the amount of this freshwater resource, gravity desalination sites should be selected where the wind speed is low and the relative humidity is high, i.e., the sea ice should be configured to reduce the adverse effects of sunlight, low humidity, and air turbulence.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Atmospheric parameters affecting sea ice losses in the context of gravity desalination

Chao

et al. 2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…Gravity drainage, which is the convective exchange of cold and dense brine with fresher seawater, is the dominant desalination process in sea ice [ Notz and Worster , ] and plays a crucial role in sea ice biogeochemistry by replenishing the ice with nutrients [ Vancoppenolle et al ., ]. Gravity drainage can also be used to efficiently desalinate sea water [ Gu et al ., ]. In this paper, we study gravity drainage using the newly developed 1‐D thermodynamic sea ice model SAMSIM (semiadaptive multiphase sea‐ice model) with a convective gravity‐drainage parametrization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into brine dynamics and sea ice desalination from a 1-D model study of gravity drainage

Griewank

Notz

2013

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

167

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[1] We study gravity drainage using a new 1-D, multiphase sea ice model. A parametrization of gravity drainage based on the convective nature of gravity drainage is introduced, whose free parameters are determined by optimizing model output against laboratory measurements of sea ice salinity evolution. Optimal estimates of the free parameters as well as the parametrization performance remain stable for vertical grid resolutions from 1 to 30 mm. We find a strong link between sea ice growth rate and bulk salinity for constant boundary conditions but only a weak link for more realistic boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that surface warming can trigger brine convection over the whole ice layer. Over a growth season, replacing the convective parametrization with constant initial salinities leads to an overall 3% discrepancy of stored energy, thermal resistance, and salt release. We also derive from our convective parametrization a simplified, numerically cheap and stable gravity-drainage parametrization. This parametrization results in an approximately 1% discrepancy of stored energy, thermal resistance, and salt release compared to the convective parametrization. A similarly low discrepancy to our complex parametrization can be reached by simply prescribing a depthdependent salinity profile.Citation: Griewank, P. J., and D. Notz (2013), Insights into brine dynamics and sea ice desalination from a 1-D model study of gravity drainage,

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“…Sustainable management practices should adapt to the local climate characteristics and current situation of soil and water resources (Qadir et al, 2010;Qadir & Oster, 2004;Valdés, Ochoa, Francoa, Sánchez-Blancob, & Banon, 2015). The coastal area around the Bohai Sea, an important economic development belt and crop production base in China (Gu, Lin, Xu, & Yuan, 2012;Li et al, 2017;Li, Kang, Wan, Chen, & Chu, 2015;Tao et al, 2014), belongs to the typical semi-humid, continental monsoon climate region characterized by short, rainy summers and long, dry springs, autumns and winters (Guo & Liu, 2015;Tao et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2012). The underlying saline groundwater in this area has a large salt content and a shallow water table, which increases soil salinization when the rate of evaporation is large, especially in the spring (Li, Liu, Zhang, & Li, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of initial soil water content and bulk density on the infiltration and desalination of melting saline ice water in coastal saline soil

Guo

Liu

2019

European J Soil Science

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the infiltration of melting saline ice water into coastal saline soil with different initial water contents and bulk densities, together with the redistribution of water, salt and salt leaching after infiltration. Three water contents (5, 10 and 15% at a soil bulk density of 1.3 g cm−3) and three bulk density levels (1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 g cm−3 of air‐dry soil) of saline soil were used, with salt‐free ice comprising the control treatment. The results showed that the depth of infiltration with treatment by saline ice was greater than that of salt‐free ice, and increased as the initial soil water content and bulk density decreased. After infiltration, the soil water content in the upper soil layers increased with increasing initial soil water contents and bulk densities. This trend was reversed in the deeper soil layers. After infiltration of the melting ice water, the saline ice treatment resulted in a smaller soil salt content than the salt‐free ice treatment. The salt contents in the upper soil layers decreased with decreasing initial soil water contents and bulk densities. The largest rate of desalting was observed following infiltration of the melting saline ice water into the coastal saline soil with the smallest soil water content and bulk density. These results indicate that although a similar infiltration process was observed when the melting saline ice water and direct saline water infiltrated the saline soil with different soil water contents and bulk densities, the desalting effect of infiltration of the melting saline ice water was greater than that of infiltration of direct saline water and melting salt‐free ice water. Smaller initial water content and bulk density favoured salt leaching under the infiltration of melting saline ice water. Highlights We evaluated infiltration and soil desalination under melting saline ice into saline soil Rate of infiltration and depth increased with decreasing initial soil water content and bulk density. Soil water content in the top soil layer increased with increasing initial water content and bulk density. Rate of desalting increased with decrease in initial water content and bulk density under infiltration of melting saline ice water.

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Sea ice desalination under the force of gravity in low temperature environments

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Atmospheric parameters affecting sea ice losses in the context of gravity desalination

Atmospheric parameters affecting sea ice losses in the context of gravity desalination

Insights into brine dynamics and sea ice desalination from a 1-D model study of gravity drainage

Effect of initial soil water content and bulk density on the infiltration and desalination of melting saline ice water in coastal saline soil

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