Sea-Level Change and Flood Risks at Estonian Coastal Zone

Rosentau, Alar; Muru, Merle; Gauk, Martin; Oja, Tõnis; Liibusk, Aive; Kall, Tarmo; Karro, Enn; Roose, Antti; Sepp, Mait; Tammepuu, A.; kaasautor, Tross, Jaan,; Uppin, Marge

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_16

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Models of vertical crustal deformations have also been used in geology, environmental sciences, oceanography, etc. (Hulisz et al 2016;Rosentau et al 2017;Vilumaa et al 2017). Repeated GNSS campaign measurements on the 1st-order points of the Estonian Geodetic Reference Network (GRN) in 1997, 2008 and 2017 have been accrued as new valuable data for the determination of the horizontal and vertical crustal deformations in Estonia (Metsar et al 2018(Metsar et al , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements

Kall¹,

Kruusla²,

Liibusk³

et al. 2021

EJES

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The aim of this study was to create a 3D crustal deformation model for Estonia, based on dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (geodetic points with velocities) and validate the existing models of horizontal and vertical crustal deformations with velocities from Estonian GNSS measurements. The observations performed for at least eight years at Estonian GNSS permanent stations and during the GNSS campaign measurements of 1997, 2008 and 2017 on the Estonian 1st-order geodetic reference network were used as input data. Coordinates of the geodetic points were calculated in the ITRF2008 reference frame using the Precise Point Positioning method. Horizontal and vertical velocities (in the North, East and Up directions) were calculated for a total of 22 GNSS points. Models for horizontal and vertical velocities were calculated using the remove-compute-restore method. The model of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the Nordic Geodetic Commission NKG2016GIA was used as a reference model. Residual velocities of GNSS points showed a good fit with respect to the reference model. The residual velocities were analysed by geostatistical methods and the prediction surfaces of the residual velocities were modelled. After adding the surface of the residual velocities back to the reference model NKG2016GIA, the modelled surface EST2020VEL was obtained. The obtained model was compared with the up-to-date intraplate deformation model NKG_RF17VEL. It was found that recent Fennoscandian intraplate deformation models NKG2016LU and NKG_RF17VEL fitted well with the Estonian GNSS data. However, both models are systematically shifted with respect to the Estonian GNSS data. For applications in Estonia, it is better to use the fitted model EST2020VEL. The uncertainty of the model is estimated to be lower than ±0.5 mm/a.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements

Kall¹,

Kruusla²,

Liibusk³

et al. 2021

EJES

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“…Estimates related to the global trend of sea level rise indicate that by the end of the 21 st Century, the sea level may rise to 0.4 m and even to 0.6 m in relation to the current level [1]. Successive rising of the sea level will have an influence on the shaping of the coastal line, and the growing number of storm events will lead to the occurrence of storm floods in many places in the world [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Sea Shore Protection on Aeolian Processes Using the Example of the Beach in Rowy, N Poland

2019

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The Polish Baltic Sea coast is subject to constant changes as a result of sea erosion on sandy and clayey sections. Sand accumulates only on a few sandy sections of the shore. There are various methods of protection limiting the negative impact of sea waves on the shore. In the city of Rowy, the coast was secured with the use of a comprehensive method (artificial reef, textile tube, spurs, and beach nourishment), which has mitigated the sea’s negative impact. The beach has been widened. The upper part of the beach has been built up to the level of the foredune. Biotechnical protection has not been applied at the border between the beach and the foredune (fascine hurdles from brushwood, sand fences, and branches). This has caused wind blowing of sand from the beach to the forest growing on the foredune. The sand also covered the access road to holiday resorts. This was favored by the strong wind from the sea. Several morphological surveys were carried out, including topographic surveys and sedimentological samplings. The range of sand coverage and types of forms (aeolian shadows and drifts) were determined. Fifty eight samples of sand from various sources were collected for sedimentological analysis. Speed and directions of winds that occurred in 2001–2018 were also analyzed. Three wind speed criteria were distinguished: ≥4 m·s-1, ≥10 m·s-1, and ≥15 m·s-1, responsible for blowing away and transporting material. Results indicate that reconstruction of the beach to the height of the foredune, lack of biotechnical protection, and strong, coastal directions of the wind were the main factors responsible for increased aeolian transport of sand inland. Effects of aeolian processes such as those observed on the beach in Rowy were not observed elsewhere on the Polish coast of the South Baltic Sea, where beach nourishment was also performed.

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