Search for Parity Nonconservation in Atomic Bismuth

Soreide, D. C.; Roberts, David E.; Lindahl, E. G.; Lewis, Liam; Apperson, G. R.; Fortson, E. N.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.36.352

Cited by 54 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We work at wavelengths close to the 648-nm J-3/2-J = 5/2Mi transition from the ground state. We findu = Imfe/Mi) = (+ 2.7± 4.7)x 10" 8 , in disagreement with the theoretical value R = -30x 10" 8 predicted for this transition on the basis of the Weinberg-Salam model of the weak interactions combined with relativistic central-field atomic theory.…”

contrasting

confidence: 95%

Search for Parity-Nonconserving Optical Rotation in Atomic Bismuth

et al. 1977

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contrasting

confidence: 95%

Search for Parity-Nonconserving Optical Rotation in Atomic Bismuth

et al. 1977

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“…The strong increase of P ‐odd effects with increasing nuclear charge rendered the search for neutral current induced parity violation in heavy atoms very promising and sparked new interest in the mid to late 1970s. Different routes were discussed, to which the circular dichroism and Stark interference experiments on strongly suppressed M1 transitions (6S 1/2 → 7S 1/2 ) in cesium atoms belong, which were pursued in Paris and in Boulder, Stark interference effects in the forbidden M1 transitions (6P 1/2 → 7P 1/2 ) in atomic thallium in Berkeley as well as in Seattle and Oxford and experiments aiming for a detection of atomic parity violation by observing optical rotation in different allowed M1 transitions in a vapor of bismuth atoms by Barkov and Zolotorev in Novosibirsk as well as by other groups in Seattle, Oxford, and Moscow and of lead in Seattle . After some initial reports on null‐results that seemed to contradict the electroweak model, these measurements on atoms confirmed the existence of parity violating neutral currents.…”

Section: …In Atomic Physics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity violation

Berger

Stohner

2019

WIREs Comput Mol Sci

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Violation of (space) parity in atomic physics, molecular physics and chemistry is briefly reviewed. The review is structured by frequently asked questions related to the concept of space parity, its violation and the consequences thereof in physics, chemistry and biology. This article is categorized under: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Thermochemistry K E Y W O R D S chirality, electroweak quantum chemistry, fundamental symmetries, parity violation, periodic system of fundamental particles, relativistic quantum chemistry 1 | WHAT IS (SPACE) PARITY?In mathematics, the concept of even and odd parity is related to integer numbers and their behavior under division by the number two. Those integers which can be divided by two without remainder are called even, those that are divided by two with remainder one are called odd. Consequently, one can speak of a given integer to possess either even parity or odd parity (see also Reference 1). In quantum mechanics, instead, the term parity is used for the transformation properties of states and operators with respect to discrete symmetry operations such as space inversion, time reversal or charge conjugation. Space inversion (in conventional three-dimensional space) implies reflection of spatial coordinates of all particles at the origin, time reversal implies reversal of all particle momenta and charge conjugation implies change from particles to their anti-particles and vice versa. States that remain unaltered under application of such a discrete symmetry operation are called space parity even (Peven) or charge parity even (C-even), respectively, those which change sign under application of these discrete symmetry operations are called space parity odd (P-odd) or charge parity odd (C-odd). Time reversal is special in this regard as the corresponding operator describing time reversal is an antiunitary operator which does not have eigenvalues. In contrast to states, operators can be classified as being time parity even (T-even) or time parity odd (T-odd) (see Reference 2 for a more detailed discussion of time-reversal symmetry). When no additional classification is given, the word parity conventionally refers to space parity, and we will use that convention also within this review.An arbitrary quantum state does not necessarily have to possess well-defined parity (P-even or P-odd), but in linear quantum mechanics instead, such a quantum state can be written as a superposition of states with well-defined parity.Elementary particles as quanta of fields are usually described with the help of so-called intrinsic parities (see e.g., Reference 3). One characterizes these fields for instance as scalar fields and vector fields or pseudo-scalar fields and pseudo-scalar fields and vector fields, depending on their behavior with respect to space inversion. Scalar fields and pseudo-vector fields remain

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“…Quark ,,c" mit der gleichen Ladung wie das u-Quark. Dann kann man neben (38) ein zweites hadronisches Linksdublett bilden, wo in der oberen Komponente das u-Quark durch c ersetzt ist. Dafur stellt das Quark c neue Fragen, die durch Bjorken und Glasbow [44] durch die Wahl des Namens ,,charmed quark" sympathischer gemacht werden sollten.…”

Section: Gim-trick Glashow Ilipoulos Undunclassified

Ideen und Experimente für eine einheitliche Theorie der Materie

Rollnik

1976

Phys. Bl.

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Bonn, NUSallee 12, 5300 Bonn 1. Z U T allgemeinen Dynamik vereinigen werden." Nur in einer Beziehung kijnnen wir heute Max Planck folgen: Die Emanzipierung von der Alltagsphysik und deren ,,anthropomorphen" Begriffen wurde immer weiter getrieben und hat zu einer radikalen Abstraktheit des Gedankengebludes der Physik gefiihrt, die es schwer macht, allgemeinverstandlich dariiber zu reden. Dabei wurde die Welt im Auge des Physikers nicht einfacher, sondern vie1 komplizierter. Man kann die Situation etwa im Jahre 1970 so beschreiben, wie in Schema 2 dargestellt. Die allgemeinen Naturgesetze werden durch die Quantentheorie und die Relativitatstheorie gegeben. Die Naturkrafte zeigen sich in mindestens funf verschiedenartigen Typen. Die Materie als Trager dieser KrIfte weist eine komplizierte Struktur auf: Es existieren sehr viele Teilchen. Wichtige Einzelheiten dieser Vielfiltigkeit sind im Schema 2 aufgefiihrt. Dabei werden die mannigfachen Eigenschaften der Atomkerne, Atome und Molekiile und der kondensierten Materie nicht explizit angesprochen, da sie rnit Hilfe der Protonen, Neutronen und Elektronen und durch die aufgefiihrten Krafttypen ,,im Prinzip" verstanden werden konnen. Einige weitere Erlauterungen zum Schema 2 werden wir im nzchsten Abschnitt geben. Hier wollen wir noch darauf hinweisen, dai3 auf dem Wege zu diesen Erkenntnissen immer wieder versucht wurde, wenigstens einen Teil der Phanomene mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer einfacher Prinzipien zu deuten [3] bis [S]. Jeder dieser Ansatze hat interessante und auch bleibende neue Erkenntnisse gebracht; mancher von ihnen hat eine grofie heuristische Kraft in der Vorhersage neuer, spater experimentell bestatigter Phanomene bewiesen. Dennoch teilt der Verfasser mit vielen Physikern die Meinung, dai3 der zur Zeit

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Search for Parity Nonconservation in Atomic Bismuth

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Search for Parity-Nonconserving Optical Rotation in Atomic Bismuth

Search for Parity-Nonconserving Optical Rotation in Atomic Bismuth

Parity violation

Ideen und Experimente für eine einheitliche Theorie der Materie

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