Season Long Pest Management Efficacy and Spray Characteristics of a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in High Density Apples

Owen-Smith, Paul; Wise, John C.; Grieshop, Matthew J.

doi:10.3390/insects10070193

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…FSSs have already been studied and applied in fruit cultivation, in particular for the control of fungal pathogens in apple [7][8][9] and cherry orchards [10] as well as for controlling pests [11]. However, most of the previous prototypes used in orchards are not suitable for vineyards, because they are designed to use the existent anti-frost irrigation system, for the distribution of calcium polysulfide solutions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Fixed Spraying System for Phytosanitary Treatments in Heroic Viticulture in North-Eastern Italy

et al. 2021

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Modern viticulture cannot be practiced without the use of plant protection products to control diseases like downy mildew, powdery mildew, and pests. In severely sloping vineyards, where mechanization is not possible, pesticide application is realized using spray guns, which is a laborious, expensive, and dangerous application technique. In these vineyards, where viticulture is defined as “heroic viticulture,” vine-growers could seriously take advantage of innovation in spray-technique applications. For this reason, several prototypes of a fixed spraying system (FSS) were realized in recent years. Two prototypes of a fixed spraying system were built in 2019 in two different vineyards in the Veneto region (north-eastern Italy). In both vineyards, the fixed spraying systems were used to perform pesticide application during the 2020 season to control downy mildew, powdery mildew, and pests. With this solution, both vineyards were successfully protected, resulting in comparable infection degrees and yields as the ones protected with airblast sprayers and spray guns. This study contributes to assert fixed spraying systems as an innovation that could improve working conditions, safety, timing, and performances of plant protection products’ application in heroic viticulture areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Fixed Spraying System for Phytosanitary Treatments in Heroic Viticulture in North-Eastern Italy

et al. 2021

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“…The SSCDS treatments were randomly assigned to the identified blocks. Moreover, a buffer of one block was maintained within the treatments to avoid cross-contamination of the samples (Owen-Smith et al, 2019) [10]. Three trees were randomly selected from each block, and the tree canopy was divided into three zones, namely top, mid, and bottom, to collect spray performance data (Figure 5a).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the variants of a fixed spray delivery system, a solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS), has shown potential to be an alternative to conventional air-assisted sprayers [9][10][11][12]. Typically, an SSCDS is a hydraulic pressure-operated spray delivery system consisting of a network of spray lines and micro-emitters installed within the canopy to achieve effective spray performance while reducing pesticide drift through targeted spraying [10,11,[13][14][15][16]]. An applicator system, with a spray tank, a gasoline pump, and an air-compressor, was used to feed the spray lines with spray liquid and compressed air during different SSCDS operational stages [9,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An applicator system, with a spray tank, a gasoline pump, and an air-compressor, was used to feed the spray lines with spray liquid and compressed air during different SSCDS operational stages [9,12]. Such systems have been evaluated in the past for spray application in apples, wine grapes, and other tree-fruit canopies [10][11][12]16,17]. Researchers have also investigated the effect of the emitter type and their within-canopy placement on the spray performance of SSCDS [9,12,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Emitter Modifications on Spray Performance of a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in a High-Density Apple Orchard

et al. 2021

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Optimally configured solid set canopy delivery systems (SSCDS) can provide adequate spray performance in high-density apple orchards with a minimized risk of off-target pesticide drift. SSCDS configured in a shower-down emitter arrangement have been reported to be the simplest and most economical system. However, existing off-the-shelf emitters used in shower-down configurations have resulted in minimal deposition in lower canopy zones. Therefore, this study was focused on the modifications of off-the-shelf emitters to obtain a desirable spray pattern for adequate spray deposition in all the canopy zones. The modifications include redesigning the impact plate of two existing micro-emitters. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the spray performance of SSCDS with the non-modified emitters (treatment: SD1 and SD3) and contrast the results with modified emitters (treatment: SD2 and SD4). While the treatments SD1 and SD3 had off-the-shelf emitters with swivel plate and static spreader, respectively, the treatment SD2 and SD4 had similar emitters with modified impactor plates. In each treatment block, the apple canopy was divided into six zones and sprayed with a 500 ppm fluorescent tracer solution. Mylar cards and water-sensitive paper samplers were placed on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in each canopy zone to quantify spray deposition and coverage, respectively. The SSCDS treatments retrofitted with modified emitters, i.e., SD2 and SD4, were observed to have uniform and numerically higher deposition and coverage compared to SD1 and SD3. The SSCDS treatment with modified static spreader (i.e., SD4) resulted in the highest overall spray deposition (1405.7 ± 156.4 ng cm−2 [mean ± standard error]) with improved mid (1121.6 ± 186.9 ng cm−2) and bottom (895.6 ± 149.3 ng cm−2) canopy deposition. Overall, the proposed emitter modification assisted in improved SSCDS spray performances and may be a way forward toward large-scale emplacements of such systems.

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“…As a further development, solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) was widely studied as the fix spray system that offered comparable performance as the airblast sprayer, improving the efficiency of the spray operation and reducing drift [5][6][7][8][9]. The influence of temperature, humidity, and wind speed on the drift was also analyzed and studied to some degree [10][11][12]. Some researchers have applied intelligent spray systems to target spray to control drift [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Multi-Step Agrometeorological Forecast Model for Rapid Spray

Shi¹,

Chun

2021

IEEE Access

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The timing of spray application plays an essential role in daily pesticides management. Proper wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity are the main external factors to improve the efficacy of pesticides, reduce the amount of spray drift and environmental pollution. Very few previous studies have focused on the need for short-term weather prediction in rapid spraying decisions. In this paper, a Convolutional-LSTM encoder-decoder (ConvLSTM-AE) hybrid model for multivariate output and multistep prediction with short time intervals is proposed to predict these three agrometeorological variables in advance. This model can predict daily weather conditions at 15-minute intervals and track the changes of time-varying systems effectively. This method was also compared with other methods such as CNN, multihead CNN, LSTM encoder-decoder, and CNN-LSTM encoder-decoder models. The results show that the proposed model outperforms other models and is suitable for daily weather forecasts in a short time interval. The obtained rapid and accurate prediction results provide a reliable basis for precise spray timing in actual farming.

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Season Long Pest Management Efficacy and Spray Characteristics of a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in High Density Apples

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of a Fixed Spraying System for Phytosanitary Treatments in Heroic Viticulture in North-Eastern Italy

Evaluation of a Fixed Spraying System for Phytosanitary Treatments in Heroic Viticulture in North-Eastern Italy

Effect of Emitter Modifications on Spray Performance of a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in a High-Density Apple Orchard

Multivariate Multi-Step Agrometeorological Forecast Model for Rapid Spray

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