Seasonal changes in minor membrane phospholipid classes, sterols and tocopherols in overwintering insect, Pyrrhocoris apterus

Košťál, Vladimı́r; Urban, Tomáš; Řimnáčová, Lucie; Berková, Petra; Šimek, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.06.008

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Other critically important components of the membrane architecture that have also received little attention in studies of cold resistance include both sterols and tocopherols (Koštál et al, 2013).…”

Section: A Central Role For Membranes and Membrane-bound Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a rather neglected group of polar lipids in animal cold tolerance research are the lysophospholipids (LPLs), produced in conjunction with free fatty acids (FFAs) when phospholipases (PLAs) hydrolyse phospholipids. LPLs have been identified as an important part of the cold response in plants (Welti et al, 2002), but have only recently been studied in insects (Koštál et al, 2013). Interestingly, LPLs activate transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in mammals, which function as neuronal sensors of temperature change (Andersson et al, 2007), and so could represent an early step in the cold response cascade.…”

Section: A Central Role For Membranes and Membrane-bound Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPLs have been identified as an important part of the cold response in plants (Welti et al, 2002), but have only recently been studied in insects (Koštál et al, 2013). Interestingly, LPLs activate transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in mammals, which function as neuronal sensors of temperature change (Andersson et al, 2007), and so could represent an early step in the cold response cascade.Other critically important components of the membrane architecture that have also received little attention in studies of cold resistance include both sterols and tocopherols (Koštál et al, 2013). …”

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Molecular basis of chill resistance adaptations in poikilothermic animals

Hayward

Manso

Cossins

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Chill and freeze represent very different components of low temperature stress. Whilst the principal mechanisms of tissue damage and of acquired protection from freeze-induced effects are reasonably well established, those for chill damage and protection are not. Non-freeze cold exposure (i.e. chill) can lead to serious disruption to normal life processes, including disruption to energy metabolism, loss of membrane perm-selectivity and collapse of ion gradients, as well as loss of neuromuscular coordination. If the primary lesions are not relieved then the progressive functional debilitation can lead to death. Thus, identifying the underpinning molecular lesions can point to the means of building resistance to subsequent chill exposures. Researchers have focused on four specific lesions: (i) failure of neuromuscular coordination, (ii) perturbation of bio-membrane structure and adaptations due to altered lipid composition, (iii) protein unfolding, which might be mitigated by the induced expression of compatible osmolytes acting as 'chemical chaperones ', (iv) or the induced expression of protein chaperones along with the suppression of general protein synthesis. Progress in all these potential mechanisms has been ongoing but not substantial, due in part to an over-reliance on straightforward correlative approaches. Also, few studies have intervened by adoption of single gene ablation, which provides much more direct and compelling evidence for the role of specific genes, and thus processes, in adaptive phenotypes. Another difficulty is the existence of multiple mechanisms, which often act together, thus resulting in compensatory responses to gene manipulations, which may potentially mask disruptive effects on the chill tolerance phenotype. Consequently, there is little direct evidence of the underpinning regulatory mechanisms leading to induced resistance to chill injury. Here, we review recent advances mainly in lower vertebrates and in arthropods, but increasingly in genetic model species from a broader range of taxa. KEY WORDS: Membrane fluidity, Proteostasis, Compatible solutes, Gene ablation IntroductionEnvironmental cold poses multiple problems for all living organisms, especially poikilotherms (Cossins and Bowler, 1987). The effects of low temperature on performance are largely determined by the extent to which cooling reduces the rate of biochemical reactions -thus slowing down any rate-dependent processes (Hochachka and Somero, 2002). The impact on survival, however, is determined by the disruptive effects of extreme cold on *Author for correspondence (cossins@liverpool.ac.uk) the molecular processes underpinning normal cellular function, such as protein and membrane integrity, which in turn are closely associated with such fundamental cellular properties such as ion homeostasis and continued activity of excitable cells (Lee, 2010). Thus, at some point during both declining temperatures and diminishing performance, cold becomes stressful, and chilling injuries then accumulate over time, leading...

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Section: A Central Role For Membranes and Membrane-bound Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Central Role For Membranes and Membrane-bound Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular basis of chill resistance adaptations in poikilothermic animals

Hayward

Manso

Cossins

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The samples were analyzed using high performance LC combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) as described in previous studies (Tomčala et al, 2006;Overgaard et al, 2008;Koštál et al, 2013). Briefly, an LTQ-XL mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with ESI, Accela 600 pump HPLC system, and Accela AS autosampler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) were used.…”

Section: Extraction and Lc/esi/ms Analysis Of Phospholipid Compositiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total contents of phospholipids in the polar fractions of total lipids were measured using assay of phosphorus that was released by mineralization of the dry sample for 20 min at 180°C in 125 ml of 70% perchloric acid (Rouser et al, 1970;Koštál et al, 2013). All samples were then levelled to exactly 50 mM concentration of PLs in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, amounts of solutes per 1 l: NaCl, 8 g; KCl, 0.2 g; Na 2 HPO 4 Á 2H 2 O, 1.8 g; KH 2 PO 4 , 0.24 g; pH 7.4).…”

Section: Analysis Of Membrane Lipid Fluiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the composition of storage and membrane lipids in overwintering larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Rozsypal

Košťál

Berková

et al. 2014

Journal of Thermal Biology

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The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a major insect pest of apples worldwide. It overwinters as a diapausing fifth instar larva. The overwintering is often a critical part of the insect life-cycle in temperate zone. This study brings detailed analysis of seasonal changes in lipid composition and fluidity in overwintering larvae sampled in the field. Fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol (TG) depots in the fat body and relative proportions of phospholipid (PL) molecular species in biological membranes were analyzed. In addition, temperature of melting (Tm) in TG depots was assessed by using differential scanning calorimetry and the conformational order (fluidity) of PL membranes was analyzed by measuring the anisotropy of fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene probe in membrane vesicles. We observed a significant increase of relative proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) at the expense of palmitic acid (C16:0) in TG depots during the larval transition to diapause accompanied with decreasing melting temperature of total lipids, which might increase the accessibility of depot fats for enzymatic breakdown during overwintering. The fluidity of membranes was maintained very high irrespective of developmental mode or seasonally changing acclimation status of larvae. The seasonal changes in PL composition were relatively small. We discuss these results in light of alternative survival strategies of codling moth larvae (supercooling vs. freezing), variability and low predictability of environmental conditions, and other cold tolerance mechanisms such as extending the supercooling capacity and massive accumulation of cryoprotective metabolites.

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