Seasonal changes in soil respiration linked to soil moisture and phosphorus availability along a tropical rainfall gradient

Cusack, Daniela; Ashdown, Daniel; Dietterich, Lee H.; Neupane, Avishesh; Ciochina, Mark; Turner, Benjamín L.

doi:10.1007/s10533-019-00602-4

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…During dry seasons in tropical forests, surface soil moisture can decline dramatically, although the magnitude of the decline varies substantially depending on background rainfall and soil properties (e.g., clay content), as seen across 15 seasonal forests in Panama along rainfall and soil gradients (Cusack et al, 2019). While plants within communities have adapted to seasonal drying, severe episodic drought is defined as outside the normal range of conditions, and has been identified as a period when the relative extractable soil water is less than the 10% quantile of all average dry season months (Janssen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Background: Resource Variation Across Tropical Forests Variation In Water Availability Across Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also temporal variation in nutrient availability in tropical forests, commonly resulting from patterns in litterfall biomass related to rainfall seasonality. With greater litterfall biomass during dry seasons, nutrients tend to accumulate at the soil surface, and then decline rapidly with the onset of the rainy season as plant and microbial uptake and leaching accelerate (Herrera et al, 1978;Yavitt and Wright, 1996;James et al, 2003;Kunert et al, 2010;Cusack et al, 2019). Tropical mangroves and forests on floodplains also have temporal variation in nutrient availability regulated by inputs from flooding (Koschorreck and Darwich, 2003;Chacón et al, 2008) and upstream nutrient discharges (e.g., from upstream farmland and sewage) (Sanders et al, 2014;Reis et al, 2017;Alongi, 2018).…”

Section: Variation In Nutrient Availability Across Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Cusack

Addo-Danso

Agee

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Vegetation processes are fundamentally limited by nutrient and water availability, the uptake of which is mediated by plant roots in terrestrial ecosystems. While tropical forests play a central role in global water, carbon, and nutrient cycling, we know very little about tradeoffs and synergies in root traits that respond to resource scarcity. Tropical trees face a unique set of resource limitations, with rock-derived nutrients and moisture seasonality governing many ecosystem functions, and nutrient versus water availability often separated spatially and temporally. Root traits that characterize biomass, depth distributions, production and phenology, morphology, physiology, chemistry, and symbiotic relationships can be predictive of plants’ capacities to access and acquire nutrients and water, with links to aboveground processes like transpiration, wood productivity, and leaf phenology. In this review, we identify an emerging trend in the literature that tropical fine root biomass and production in surface soils are greatest in infertile or sufficiently moist soils. We also identify interesting paradoxes in tropical forest root responses to changing resources that merit further exploration. For example, specific root length, which typically increases under resource scarcity to expand the volume of soil explored, instead can increase with greater base cation availability, both across natural tropical forest gradients and in fertilization experiments. Also, nutrient additions, rather than reducing mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots as might be expected, increased colonization rates under scenarios of water scarcity in some forests. Efforts to include fine root traits and functions in vegetation models have grown more sophisticated over time, yet there is a disconnect between the emphasis in models characterizing nutrient and water uptake rates and carbon costs versus the emphasis in field experiments on measuring root biomass, production, and morphology in response to changes in resource availability. Closer integration of field and modeling efforts could connect mechanistic investigation of fine-root dynamics to ecosystem-scale understanding of nutrient and water cycling, allowing us to better predict tropical forest-climate feedbacks.

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Section: Background: Resource Variation Across Tropical Forests Variation In Water Availability Across Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Nutrient Availability Across Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Cusack

Addo-Danso

Agee

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…An association between these variables has been reported for tropical forest plantations (Bae et al, 2013;Adachi et al, 2006;Epron et al, 2006). Moreover, in Kaxil Kiuic, phosphorous (P) content is much higher in soils from hills than in soils from flat areas (Dupuy et al, 2012) and a recent study reports that soil CO 2 efflux increases during wet periods in soils with higher P content compared to lower P content (Cusack et al, 2019). Therefore, the higher soil CO 2 efflux found in sites close to hills compared to sites far from hills may be related to higher soil C and P content in the former sites, possibly because of runoff from adjacent hills.…”

Section: Seasonmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Soil CO 2 efflux varies seasonally because of changes in soil water content (Kosugi et al, 2007;Katayama et al, 2009), and daily due to diel temperature variation (Vargas, Detto, Baldocchi, and Allen, 2010;Hanpattanakit et al, 2015). Soil topography can be an indirect factor affecting soil CO 2 efflux because of the release of mineral nutrients from upper to lower areas or by flooding in low areas, which limits oxygen diffusivity (Lopes de Gerenyu et al, 2011;Wood, Matthews, Vandecar, and Lawrence, 2016;Cusack et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil CO2 efflux fluctuates in three different annual seasons in a semideciduous tropical forest in Yucatan, Mexico

et al. 2022

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Tropical forest soils store a third of the global terrestrial carbon and control carbon dioxide (CO2) terrestrial effluxes to the atmosphere produced by root and microbial respiration. Soil CO2 efflux varies in time and space and is known to be strongly influenced by soil temperature and water content. However, little is known about the influence of seasonality on soil CO2 efflux, especially in tropical dry forests. This study evaluated soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature, and soil volumetric water content in a semideciduous tropical forest of the Yucatan Peninsula under two sites (flat areas close to and far from hills), and three seasons: dry, wet, and early dry (a transition between the rainy and dry seasons) throughout a year. Additionally, six 24-h periods of soil CO2 efflux were measured within these three seasons. The mean annual soil CO2 efflux was 4±2.2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, like the mean soil CO2 efflux during the early dry season. In all seasons, soil CO2 efflux increased linearly with soil moisture, which explained 45% of the spatial-temporal variation of soil CO2 efflux. Soil CO2 efflux was higher close to than far from hills in some months. The daily variation of soil CO2 efflux was less important than its spatial and seasonal variation likely due to small diel variations in temperature. Transition seasons are common in many tropical dry forests, and they should be taken into consideration to have a better understanding of the annual soil CO2 efflux, especially under future climate-change scenarios.

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“…1) that range in rainfall from 2335 to 3421 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP). A detailed description and soil USDA taxonomy classification of these sites have been published recently (Cusack et al, 2018(Cusack et al, , 2019, and further information is provided in Table 1. This region experiences a monsoonal climate with a short dry season, from December to April.…”

Section: Site Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent responses of soil microorganisms to throughfall exclusion across tropical forest soils driven by soil fertility and climate history

Chacon

Cusack

Khurram

et al. 2023

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Seasonal changes in soil respiration linked to soil moisture and phosphorus availability along a tropical rainfall gradient

Cited by 28 publications

References 92 publications

Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Soil CO2 efflux fluctuates in three different annual seasons in a semideciduous tropical forest in Yucatan, Mexico

Divergent responses of soil microorganisms to throughfall exclusion across tropical forest soils driven by soil fertility and climate history

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