Seasonal changes in the structure of clay soils in relation to soil management and crop type. I. Effects of crop rotation at Cruden Bay, NE Scotland

Mackie-Dawson, L. A.; Mullins, Chris; Fitzpatrick, E. A.; Court, M. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1989.tb01272.x

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…8a), the continuous packing poroids decrease and the discrete packing poroids increase, without significant decrease in total macroporosity. In June, mechanical fragmentation and natural settling have already occurred (Mackie-Dawson et al, 1989). Optimal burrowing activity is most pronounced in spring and autumn when the soil water content increases (Evans and Guild, 1947) but earthworm burrowing activity displacements are facilitated by ploughing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore morphology changes under tillage and no-tillage practices

et al. 2007

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The relative influence of biological and mechanical processes on the structure of cultivated soils was estimated by investigating the macroporosity of the surface layers of a silty soil during a maize growing season. The soil was subjected to different cultivation techniques (conventional tillage, moderate tillage, and no tillage) and fertilization modes (mineral or organic) for five years. A typological model was developed (i) to identify the macropores by 2D image analysis in undisturbed soil samples, and (ii) to characterize their morphology with two shape parameters (elongation and regularity indexes). Based on the three usual pore categories (tubular, planar and packing pores), five groups were defined with an additional distinction within the packing pore category (discrete, continuous and planar packing). This typology, as based on a set of images that reached the representative elementary area (REA), proved appropriate to describe the structural modifications linked to the crop management practices. It was shown that mechanical soil working produces 'continuous packing pores' whereas the absence of work induces 'discrete packing pores'. The study of the intra-annual 2 structural dynamics enabled the identification of the processes responsible for those modifications. With conventional tillage, the progressive substitution of continuous packing pores with discrete packing pores can be interpreted as the resumption of biological fragmentation after mechanical fragmentation (harrowing). Without management, the soil is only subjected to biological fragmentation, so neither quantitative nor morphological evolution of the macroporosity was observed during the growing season, with the soil structure depending more on spatial heterogeneity than on seasonal changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore morphology changes under tillage and no-tillage practices

et al. 2007

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“…Moreover, different species affect soil moisture differently. Mackie-Dawson et al (1989) found that Downloaded by [University of Florida] at 17:49 14 June 2016 perennial grasses depleted soil moisture to deeper soil layers than annual barley, resulting in the development of soil cracks only under the former.…”

Section: Soil Water Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of chiseling and sulfur fertilization on infiltration, soil moisture, and vegetation parameters in the Ait Rbaa perimeter of central Morocco

Tigma

Gay

Banner

1991

UASR

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of chiseling and elemental sulfur fertilization upon soil moisture and vegetation response on an upland and a swale site with fine loamy, carbonatic, thermic, typic calcixeroll soils in the Ait Rbaa Perimeter of Central Morocco. Ponding infiltration, soil water content on a mass basis of the 0-to 10-cm and 10-to 20-cm soil layers, peak season biomass production, and botanical composition were monitored during the two growing seasons following the treatments (1984/85 and 1985/86). Chiseling significantly (p < .001) improved infiltration on both sites, although the improvement was greater on the finer and less stony swale site. The land treatment also increased the average water content of the top 20 cm of soil. In the chiseled treatments, average soil water content decreased with soil depth on the upland site, while it increased on the swale site. Both the average infiltration rates of 5 cm of water and the average water content generally varied inversely with sampling time. Average peak season biomass production was 11 % greater with chiseling. Chiseling also positively affected botanical composition on the upland site by depressing average forb proportion and increasing legume ratio in the first growing season. The application of elemental sulfur at the rates of 0, 30, and 60 kg ha -1 did not significantly (p < .05) affect any of the measured variables. The gain in production of biomass resulting from chiseling must be evaluated in terms of costs and returns before any recommendation on the practice can be made.

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“…The vibration emanating from piling and other construction machinery triggers dynamic compaction. Soils with inherently weak structure are easily compacted by slaking and settling-in (Mackie-Dawson et al, 1989). Even after a construction episode, the vibration of vehicles in motion furnishes a continual source of dynamic compaction.…”

Section: Causes and Indicators Of Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Compaction as a Constraint to Tree Growth in Tropical & Subtropical Urban Habitats

Jim

1993

Envir. Conserv.

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Of the many forms of above- and below-ground stresses facing urban trees, physical soil limitations are generally among the most persistent and least amenable to amelioration. Soil compaction is a common soil malady that afflicts many planting-sites and causes tree decline. The concept of soil structure in terms of porosity and moisture-suction is reviewed, to provide a basis for the interpretation of compaction as structural degradation. The reorganization of solid and interstitial void constituents, which can result in increased dentity of packing, is related to some fundamental physical and physico-chemical soil properties.Compaction brings about changes in a wide spectrum of related geometric and other soil attributes, the consequences of which are often inimical to plant growth. Many deliberate and inadvertent actions in urban areas increase packing density, which can be diagnosed through some field and laboratory tests. The harmful effects of compaction is exertedviamechanical impediment and other indirect impacts on root growth. Excessively loose soils and soil crusts are discussed in the light of compaction concepts and in relation to tree growth.A wide range of measures could be adopted to alleviate the problems of soil compaction. Preventive actions taken before tree planting are preferred to post-planting remedies which are cumbersome, and injurious to roots. Soils at planting sites could be partially improved by various mechanical means to reduce packing density and enhance aggregation. Coarse-textured materials with inherently high strength and resistance to dense packing could provide a stable medium for tree growth. The installation of subsurface aeration and drainage pipes could alleviate the ill-effects of compaction. Care should be taken to avoid structural degradation in stockpiling and construction activities.

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Seasonal changes in the structure of clay soils in relation to soil management and crop type. I. Effects of crop rotation at Cruden Bay, NE Scotland

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Pore morphology changes under tillage and no-tillage practices

Pore morphology changes under tillage and no-tillage practices

The effects of chiseling and sulfur fertilization on infiltration, soil moisture, and vegetation parameters in the Ait Rbaa perimeter of central Morocco

Soil Compaction as a Constraint to Tree Growth in Tropical & Subtropical Urban Habitats

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