Seasonal Influence on Volatile Composition of Psidium friedrichsthalianum Leaves, Sampled in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract

Psidium friedrichsthalianum (Myrtaceae) is a small tree with antioxidant activity in its fruits and antimicrobial activity in its leaves and thin branches. The present study analyzed the seasonal variability in the yield and essential oil composition of a P. friedrichsthalianum population in Belém, Brazil. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometer (MS) and flame ionization detector (FID). Chemometric analyses were carried out to verify the climatic influence on the production and composition of the essential oil. The average oil yield in the dry season (August–February) was 0.5 ± 0.0%, and in the rainy season (March–May), it was 0.8 ± 0.0%, with statistical differentiation. There was a moderate correlation between oil yield and the collection area’s relative humidity (r = 0.63). The PCA and HCA analyses did not show differentiation between the P. friedrichsthalianum oil samples during the dry and rainy seasons. However, the class of monoterpene hydrocarbons presented a negative correlation with temperature (r = −0.81) and humidity (−0.80) of the sampled area. In the PCA and HCA studies, the samples were classified into three groups: Group I (leaf oils) was characterized by a higher content of α-pinene (6.3–18.0%), β-elemene (9.9–14.8%), caryophyllene oxide (4.3–16.3%), and β-pinene (4.8–13.4%). Group II (leaf oils) was defined by a higher content of selin-11-en-4-α-ol (4.6–15.6%), β-elemene (9.9–14.8%), α-pinene (6.3–18.0%), and E-caryophyllene (3.1–8.7%). Group III (fruits volatile concentrate) was characterized by a higher content of α-pinene (17.6%), α-terpineol (13.7%), and selin-11-en-4-α-ol (10.0%). There was significant seasonal variability in P. friedrichsthalianum, whose responses are directly linked to abiotic factors such as precipitation, insolation, humidity, and temperature.

Seasonal influence on the essential oil chemical composition of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth.: a valuable plant from Marajó, Brazil

“…The chemical composition of H. crenata essential oil varies depending on the time of year and the location where the leaves are collected ( Santos et al, 2023 ). Several studies report different chemical characteristics among essential oils of the Hyptis genus.…”

Seasonal Variation in Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae): A Reliable Source of 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane

“…PCA and HCA analysis of Aniba canelilla leaves and twigs did not differentiate oil samples during the dry and rainy seasons. A previous study on the seasonality of essential oils from Psidium friedrichsthalianum leaves from Brazil did not show a separation of samples in the dry and rainy seasons [32]. Some species present variation in the concentrations of their constituents, but cannot be separated in chemometric analyses due to their metabolism not correlating with biotic, abiotic factors, and climatic parameters, which can interfere with metabolic pathways [33].…”

Exploring the impact of seasonal variations on the chemical composition, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. essential oil

“…PCA and HCA analyses did not differentiate P. heyneanus oil samples during the dry and rainy seasons. A previous study on the seasonality of essential oils from Psidium friedrichsthalianum leaves from Brazil showed no separation of samples from the dry and rainy seasons (Santos et al, 2023). Some species present variations in the content of constituents but cannot be separated in chemometric analyses due to their metabolism not correlating with biotic, abiotic, or climatic parameters, which can interfere with metabolic pathways (Santos et al, 2022;Guimarães et al, 2023).…”