Seasonal Variation and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Carbonyl Compounds in Urban Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Abstract

The concentrations of 18 atmospheric carbonyls species were measured at Nan-Chie and Hsiung-Kong sites in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, during the summer and winter of 2006. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyls with respective annual mean concentrations of 17.99 μg/m 3 and 13.69 μg/m 3 at Nan-Chie, and 21.47 μg/m 3 and 16.68 μg/m 3 at Hsiung-Kong; altogether the two species accounted for approximately 56-57% of total carbonyls. In summer, the total concentrations of carbonyls were 74.06 μg/m 3 and 89.99 μg/m 3 at Nan-Chie and Hsiung-Kong, respectively. In winter, the concentrations were 37.14 μg/m 3 and 46.50 μg/m 3 at Nan-Chie and Hsiung-Kong, respectively. Measured results indicated the predominance of photolysis and photooxidation reactions of aldehydes in summer. In this study, receptor models using principal component analysis (PCA) and absolute principal component scores (APCS) suggest that the primary pollution sources at Nan-Chie in the summer were secondary emissions/vehicle exhausts (gasoline engines)/stationary emissions (food industry), stationary emissions (petrochemical)/waste treatment and restaurant emissions; the primary pollution sources at Nan-Chie in winter were vehicle exhausts (gasoline engines)/stationary emissions (petrochemical) and restaurant emissions. At Hsiung-Kong, the primary pollution sources in summer were secondary emissions/vehicle exhausts (gasoline engines and diesel engines)/stationary emissions (metal assembly), restaurant emissions and others; the primary pollution sources in winter were vehicle exhausts (gasoline engines)/restaurant emissions and vehicle exhausts (diesel engines)/stationary emissions (metal assembly).

Distribution and Sources of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at an Industrial Region in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

“…The air quality in Kaohsiung City is the worst in Taiwan due to emissions from these industrial complexes and traffic. Moreover, the unfavorable meteorological conditions (e.g., poor atmospheric mixing, declining visibility, and the sealand breeze circulation) also have a significant impact on the air quality (Wang et al, 2010). Although several studies have reported the spatial distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in urban areas, industrial areas, and sediments in Taiwan (Fang et al, 2004;Yang and Chen, 2004;Chen et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2012), those of atmospheric PAHs from petrochemical industrial complexes have not yet been adequately characterized.…”

Preparation of TiO2-Coated Polyester Fiber Filter by Spray-Coating and Its Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Formaldehyde

“…Formaldehyde is also a by-product from cigarette smoking and fuel-burning (Daisey et al, 1994;Crump et al, 1997;Hodgson et al, 2000;Hippelein, 2004;Bari et al, 2011). Despite, high concentration levels of formaldehyde are also found in outdoor urban environment (Wang et al, 2010). Using heterogeneous PCO for the degradation of formaldehyde has been considered as a promising technique.…”

Source Apportionment of Submicron Particle Size Distribution and PM2.5 Composition during an Asian Dust Storm Period in Two Urban Atmospheres

“…The application of principal components analysis (PCA) manner to data sets produces statistically independent linear combinations of original variables, and also explains most of the total variation with reduced dimensions. This method has been successfully applied to identify potential sources of air pollutants and analyse relationships between distinct air pollutants in measured data (Horel, 1981;Yu et al, 2000;Shi et al, 2009;Abhishek et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010;Kothai et al, 2011;Amodio et al, 2013;Liang et al, 2013). Some research studies have been conducted with the aim of predicting the ozone generation based on the meteorological conditions and the pollutants-precursor appearing at a particular point in time (Abdul-Wahab et al, 2002.…”