Seasonal variation in transcript accumulation in wood-forming tissues of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) with emphasis on a cell wall glycine-rich protein

Abstract

Wood formation is being increasingly studied at cellular and biochemical levels; however, gene expression and regulation during wood formation remain poorly understood. Up to six types of wood can be studied within the same tree (early wood, late wood, juvenile wood, mature wood, reaction wood and opposite wood). These six types are characterized by different chemical, physical and anatomical properties. Using the cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, we screened several thousand cDNA fragments from differentiating xylem of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) comparing early wood vs. late wood and compression wood vs. opposite wood after 8 or 120 days of bending. About 100 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) showed qualitative or quantitative variations between these different samples. The relative abundance of these TDFs was subsequently analyzed by reverse Northern using RNA derived from early and late wood. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify differentially expressed TDFs ( P<0.01) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to confirm the differential expression of some TDFs. Among the genes with a known function, transcript expression and nucleotide sequence variation analysis showed a cell wall glycine-rich protein to be a strong candidate gene for wood properties.

Survey of glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) in the Eucalyptus expressed sequence tag database (ForEST)

“…A GRP with GXGX repeats from Pinus taeda (Allona et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2000), as well as its proposed orthologous in Pinus pinaster (Le Provost et al, 2003), were found to be differentially expressed in the xylem of different wood types. It has been proposed that both Pinus proteins, reported as GRPs, might be involved in the determination of wood properties (Le Provost et al, 2003).…”

Oxidative stress proteins as an indicator of a low quality of eucalyptus clones for the pulp and paper industry

“…These proteins involved in redox processes in the plant, as well as the extractives, among them polyphenols, tannins and resins, which are characterized as harmful components in the pulp and paper industry, are induced as a defense response to attack by pathogens, but also to abiotic stress (Breusegem et al, 2001). The Hsp are abundant in the xylem of P. pinaster (Le Provost et al, 2003) and Eucalyptus (Gonçalves et al, 2011), and are believed to have a specific function in the formation of wood, also important for the development of the secondary wood.…”

Transcriptomic analysis of juvenile wood formation during the growing season in Pinus canariensis

“…This transcriptome is considerably larger than other ones related to wood formation in conifers and available in databases, such as those of Pinus pinaster Ait. (Le Provost et al 2003), Pinus taeda L. (Kirst et al 2003) or Pinus radiata D. Don (Li et al 2010).…”

“…For instance, genes involved in wood formation have been identified in Pinus pinaster Ait. (Le Provost et al 2003), Pinus taeda L. (Kirst et al 2003) and Pinus radiata D. Don (Li et al 2010). More recently, Raherison et al (2015) and Lamara et al (2016) described networks of co-expressed genes involved in wood formation in Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and Mishima et al (2014) published a transcriptomic analysis of wood formation in a Taxodiaceae, Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb.…”