Sebum Production Alteration after Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for the Treatment of Forehead Rhytides: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Dose-Comparative Clinical Investigation

Min, Peiru; Xi, Wenjing; Grassetti, Luca; Perdanasari, Aurelia Trisliana; Torresetti, Matteo; Feng, Shaoqing; Su, Weijie; Pu, Zheming; Zhang, Yan; Han, Sheng; Zhang, Yi Xin; Benedetto, Giovanni Di; Lazzeri, Davide

doi:10.1093/asj/sju150

Cited by 49 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Sebum secretion from the thighs of paraplegic patients is significantly higher than that in controls, while the forehead sebum excretion rate is unchanged (Thomas et al ., ). Furthermore, a significant decrease in sebum secretion can be achieved using topical anti‐muscarinic agents (Cartlidge, Burton & Shuster, ), and botulinum toxin‐A (‘Botox’) has been used to reduce acne severity and sebum secretion in humans (Jankovic & Diamond, ; Shah, ; Li et al ., ; Min et al ., ). Together, these observations suggest that functional neurotransmission is important for maintaining normal levels of sebum secretion (Table ).…”

Section: Sebaceous Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro-regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Yet, it is clear that the SG is under stringent pituitary control, and forms a fascinating, clinically relevant peripheral target organ in which to study the neuroendocrine and neural regulation of epithelia. Sebum, the major secretory product of the SG, is composed of a complex mixture of lipids resulting from the holocrine secretion of specialised epithelial cells (sebocytes). It is indicative of a role of the neuroendocrine system in SG function that excess circulating levels of growth hormone, thyroxine or prolactin result in increased sebum production (seborrhoea). Conversely, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency result in reduced sebum production and dry skin. Furthermore, the androgen sensitivity of SGs appears to be under neuroendocrine control, as hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary) renders SGs largely insensitive to stimulation by testosterone, which is crucial for maintaining SG homeostasis. However, several neurohormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, can stimulate sebum production independently of either the testes or the adrenal glands, further underscoring the importance of neuroendocrine control in SG biology. Moreover, sebocytes synthesise several neurohormones and express their receptors, suggestive of the presence of neuro-autocrine mechanisms of sebocyte modulation. Aside from the neuroendocrine system, it is conceivable that secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from cutaneous nerve endings may also act on sebocytes or their progenitors, given that the skin is richly innervated. However, to date, the neural controls of SG development and function remain poorly investigated and incompletely understood. Botulinum toxin-mediated or facial paresis-associated reduction of human sebum secretion suggests that cutaneous nerve-derived substances modulate lipid and inflammatory cytokine synthesis by sebocytes, possibly implicating the nervous system in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, evidence suggests that cutaneous denervation in mice alters the expression of key regulators of SG homeostasis. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding neuroendocrine and neurobiological regulation of human SG function in physiology and pathology. We further call attention to this line of research as an instructive model for probing and therapeutically manipulating the mechanistic links between the nervous system and mammalian skin.

show abstract

Section: Sebaceous Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Calabaro et al reported that the WSRS is a valid instrument with a good intra-and interobserver agreement, but no statistical analysis has been used in this study. Furthermore, the use of a scale or questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction is very important to determine patient aspect and satisfaction degree; patient satisfaction appears as an essential item but these subjective clinical assessments lack the precision of the quantitative methods [12,21,22,26,28,42,44,46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Tools for Facial Rejuvenation Treatment: A Review

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recently, a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, split‐face study with 20 volunteers demonstrated that botulinum toxin effectively reduced sebum production and pore size in the oily skin group, but had no effect in the dry‐to‐normal skin group . Interestingly, intramuscular injection of BoNT/A significantly reduced sebum production at the injection site but increased the sebum production of the surrounding skin at a radius of 2·5 cm …”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Botulinum Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The non-neuronal and nonmuscular effects of botulinum toxin: an opportunity for a deadly molecule to treat disease in the skin and beyond

Grando

Zachary

2018

Br J Dermatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is growing evidence that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) exhibit biological effects on various human cell types with a host of associated clinical implications. This review aims to provide an update on the non-neuronal and nonmuscular effects of botulinum toxin. We critically analysed recent reports on the structure and function of cellular signalling systems subserving biological effects of BoNTs. The BoNT receptors and intracellular targets are not unique for neurotransmission. They have been found in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, but there are differences in how BoNT binds to, and acts on, neuronal vs. non-neuronal cells. The non-neuronal cells that express one or more BoNT/A-binding proteins, and/or cleavage target synaptosomal-associated protein 25, include: epidermal keratinocytes; mesenchymal stem cells from subcutaneous adipose; nasal mucosal cells; urothelial cells; intestinal, prostate and alveolar epithelial cells; breast cell lines; neutrophils; and macrophages. Serotype BoNT/A can also elicit specific biological effects in dermal fibroblasts, sebocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Nontraditional applications of BoNT have been reported for the treatment of the following dermatological conditions: hyperhidrosis, Hailey-Hailey disease, Darier disease, inversed psoriasis, aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma, pachyonychia congenita, multiple eccrine hydrocystomas, eccrine angiomatous hamartoma, eccrine sweat gland naevi, congenital eccrine naevus, Raynaud phenomenon and cutaneous leiomyomas. Experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of BoNT/A to protect skin flaps, facilitate wound healing, decrease thickness of hypertrophic scars, produce an anti-ageing effect, improve a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis, and have also revealed extracutaneous effects of BoNT arising from its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. BoNTs have a much wider range of applications than originally understood, and the individual cellular responses to the cholinergic impacts of BoNTs could provide fertile ground for future studies.

show abstract

Sebum Production Alteration after Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for the Treatment of Forehead Rhytides: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Dose-Comparative Clinical Investigation

Abstract: 2 Therapeutic.

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands

Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands

Assessment Tools for Facial Rejuvenation Treatment: A Review

The non-neuronal and nonmuscular effects of botulinum toxin: an opportunity for a deadly molecule to treat disease in the skin and beyond

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About