Second-and third-harmonic generation by carbon nanotubes irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses

Measurement of optical second-harmonic generation from an individual single-walled carbon nanotube

“…SHG has been observed from thin films of SWCNTs [18,19,23], and from an ensemble of SWCNTs trapped in zeolites [24]. The latter result was associated with chirality, and a large second-order susceptibility on the order of 400 pm V −1 , predicted theoretically [17,25], was experimentally confirmed.…”

“…Although Raman spectroscopy has been developed towards the determination of the chiral indices of SWCNTs [8], it is not able to determine the absolute handedness. SHG has been observed from thin films of SWCNTs [17,18,22], and from an ensemble of SWCNTs trapped in zeolites [23]. The latter result was associated with chirality, and a large second-order susceptibility on the order of 400 pm⋅V -1 , predicted theoretically [16,24], was experimentally confirmed.…”

“…Chirality is a structural property that necessarily breaks centrosymmetry, allowing second-order processes [16]. A vast majority of SWCNTs are chiral, and SHG has been proposed as a probe of their chirality [17][18][19][20]. Beyond chirality itself, the handedness of SWCNTs is important for applications such as molecular recognition [21,22].…”

Enhancement of third-order optical nonlinearities by conjugated polymer-bonded carbon nanotubes

“…[5][6][7][8][9] To date, only few experiments of the third-order optical nonlinearity have been carried out due to the poor solubility of carbon nanotubes. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The third-order susceptibilities ͑3͒ of multiwalled nanotubes ͑MWNTs͒ were first measured by using picosecond and nanosecond degenerate four-wave mixing ͑DFWM͒ techniques by Liu et al 10 The magnitude of picosecond ͑3͒ and nanosecond ͑3͒ was measured to be 10 −14 and 10 −11 esu, respectively. Wang et al 11 reported a femtosecond time-resolved third-order NLO investigation of the dispersion of shortened SWNTs in N , N-dimethylformamide ͑DMF͒.…”

Experimental demonstration of nanoCARS: coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering in mesoporous silica aerogels infiltrated with condensed‐ and gas‐phase Raman‐active materials

“…Conceptually, waveguide CARS is an impressive example of how the conventional concept of a Raman cell can be modified for a higher sensitivity through geometry-improved phase matching and high local fields. 22 Several non-linear optical techniques, such as secondand third-harmonic generation, have recently been shown to be a convenient and powerful tool for the diagnostics of nanostructured materials, allowing the detection of assemblies of nanocrystals 23 and nanotubes, 24 and also quantitative characterization of scattering regimes in random nanocomposite materials. 25 Generally, nano-science has benefited considerably from the integration of achievements of nanotechnologies and the capabilities of non-linear optics.…”