Second-order electrogyration effect in BSO crystal

Abstract

Using a non-holographic optical setup, we employed a Mueller–Stokes polarimeter to measure both the linear electro-optic and second-order electrogyration effects. The second-order electrogyration effect was observed in a $$Bi_{12}SiO_{20}$$ B i 12 S i O 20 (BSO) crystal with a (110) cut. This response was found for the electric field applied both parallel and perpendicular to the [001] direction, where the values for the second-order electrogyration are $$4.86\times 10^{7} \, \text {pm}^{2}/\text {V}^{2}$$ 4.86 × 10 7 pm 2 / V 2 and $$1.87\times 10^{7} \, \text {pm}^{2}/\text {V}^{2}$$ 1.87 × 10 7 pm 2 / V 2 , respectively. Additionally, the linear electro-optic coefficient $$\gamma _{41}$$ γ 41 was measured to be $$1.17 \, \text {pm/V}$$ 1.17 pm/V for $$660.5 \, \text {nm}$$ 660.5 nm .