Second‐trimester maternal serum free‐β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and α‐fetoprotein levels in normal twin and singleton pregnancies: a report of local Chinese population

Xie, Zhenwei; Lü, Shiming; Zhu, Yimin; Sun, Yungang; Yu, Jing

doi:10.1002/pd.2048

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the current study, Serum AFP levels surged in triple and twin bearing does than in non-pregnant does with higher levels in triple than single bearing does. These results were in accordance with Wald et al [30] Xie et al [31] and, Ren et al [32], who declared that the median levels of maternal AFP were higher in the twin than singleton pregnancies. Formerly, it was found that the ovine fetal serum AFP concentrations increase during the 1 st trimester of pregnancy, and the total fetal AFP synthesis upsurge during the late middle and early latter trimester of pregnancy [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changes in Alpha-fetoprotein, Phosphorus, Calcium, and Metabolic Hormones in Goats had Singleton, Twin, and Triplet Pregnancy

El-sayed¹,

Kandil

Ghoneimy³

et al. 2022

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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T HE present study aimed to clarify the alternations in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), phosphorus (Ph), calcium (Ca), and metabolic hormones (Growth hormones (GH), insulin, and thyroid gland hormones) in singleton, twin, and triplet pregnancy in goats. Animals were examined for pregnancy ultrasonographically during mid-pregnancy (6-14 weeks of gestation), and were classified conferring to litter size into singleton (n =55), twin (n=25) and triple (n=6) pregnancy, and non-pregnant status (n=64). Blood samples (5 ml) were collected before ultrasound examination and serum was separated for analysis of alpha-fetoprotein, phosphorus, calcium, and GH, insulin, T3, and T4. The current data showed that the fetal numbers markedly influenced AFP, Ph, Ca, GH, insulin, T3 levels, but did not affect T4 and Ph/Ca ratio. AFP levels were higher in twin (P< 0.05) and triple (P< 0.001) bearing does than in non-pregnant does (56.00±5.00 and 87.00±1.90 vs 3.80±.051 ng/ml). Phosphorus and Ca levels declined with pregnancy, with the substantial decreased in multiple feti compared with non-pregnant does. Growth hormone imminently raised in twine and triple fetuses than non-pregnant does. Insulin levels elevated in triple compared to non-pregnant and singleton (P< 0.005). Serum free T3 levels were lower in single and twin bearing does than non-pregnancy. In conclusion, fetal number markedly influenced the dam metabolic profile and mineral homostatis through altering AFP and metabolic hormones levels during pregnancy in goats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changes in Alpha-fetoprotein, Phosphorus, Calcium, and Metabolic Hormones in Goats had Singleton, Twin, and Triplet Pregnancy

El-sayed¹,

Kandil

Ghoneimy³

et al. 2022

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…Although serum markers for triple DS screening are also available in twin pregnancies, the screening of the DS risk in twin pregnancies is according to the singleton pregnant woman database. Therefore, the screening of the DS risk in twins has a higher false-positive rate (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second trimester maternal serum triple screening marker levels in normal twin and singleton pregnancies

Ren

Zhou

et al. 2016

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), free-β-human chorionic gonadotropin (free-β-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE 3 ) in second trimester maternal serum and comparative analysis of serum markers levels in normal twin and singleton pregnancies, and to evaluate the feasible methods for the screening performances of triple markers in twin pregnancy. The levels of maternal serum markers were measured by magnetic microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay in the second trimester. TCSoft was used for calculating the risk of Down's syndrome (DS). The marker levels were compared between the twin and singleton pregnancies, along with gestational age, and the weight or age of the pregnant women. The concentrations of the maternal serum markers were higher on average in twin compared to in singleton pregnancies in the second trimester of the gestation. The levels of AFP were 2-fold higher in twin compared to those in singleton pregnancies in weeks 16, 17 and total gestational weeks. For free-β-hCG, the levels were higher in 15 and 18 gestational weeks. However, significant differences were found in all the gestational weeks for uE 3 . There was no correlation between the levels of markers and weight or age in the twin pregnancies. The serum marker levels of AFP, free-β-hCG and uE 3 in normal twins were not all 2-fold higher compared to singleton pregnancies. The current singleton gestational age-specific model for DS screening requires further correction so that it is feasible for screening in twin pregnancies.

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“…23,24 Moreover, the specificity of maternal serum AFP levels for NTD diagnosis can be disrupted by preeclampsia, placental damage, multiple births, or stillbirth. [25][26][27][28][29] In addition, maternal AFP seems to be sensitive to open NTDs, but not closed NTDs. 17 Thus, the diagnostic sensitivities and specificities of diverse NTD types are different, and maternal disease factors and improper fetal position that increase serum AFP levels can lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of NTDs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects based on “omics”

Huang

Yuan

2021

Clinical Genetics

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Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most severe birth defects and the main cause of newborn death; posing a great challenge to the affected children, families, and societies. Presently, the clinical diagnosis of NTDs mainly relies on ultrasound images combined with certain indices, such as alpha-fetoprotein levels in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid. Recently, the discovery of additional biomarkers in maternal tissue has presented new possibilities for prenatal diagnosis. Over the past 20 years, "omics" techniques have provided the premise for the study of biomarkers. This review summarizes recent advances in candidate biomarkers for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal NTDs based on omics techniques using maternal biological specimens of different origins, including amniotic fluid, blood, and urine, which may provide a foundation for the early prenatal diagnosis of NTDs.

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Second‐trimester maternal serum free‐β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and α‐fetoprotein levels in normal twin and singleton pregnancies: a report of local Chinese population

Abstract: The Chinese gestational age-specific levels of maternal serum markers in normal twins are not twice as those in singletons. The current weight-correction model for DS screening may be not feasible for twins.

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Changes in Alpha-fetoprotein, Phosphorus, Calcium, and Metabolic Hormones in Goats had Singleton, Twin, and Triplet Pregnancy

Changes in Alpha-fetoprotein, Phosphorus, Calcium, and Metabolic Hormones in Goats had Singleton, Twin, and Triplet Pregnancy

Second trimester maternal serum triple screening marker levels in normal twin and singleton pregnancies

Identifying biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects based on “omics”

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